{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:15:00Z","timestamp":1785802500495,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]],"date-time":"2021-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004366","name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["59191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["59191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency has adverse effects on renal allograft outcomes, and polymorphisms of genes encoding vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) are defined to play a role in these conditions. The goal of the current investigation was to evaluate the connection between those polymorphisms with acute rejection, viral infection history, and recipients\u2019 vitamin D status. In this study, 115 kidney transplant recipients and 100 healthy individuals were included. VDR polymorphisms including FokI (rs2228570), Apal (rs7975232), BsmI (rs1544410), as well as VDBP (rs7040) polymorphisms were studied using high resolution melting (PCR-HRM) analysis among the studied groups. The frequency of G allele in Apal rs7975232 polymorphism in the kidney transplant recipients was 0.63 times lower than healthy individuals (p = 0.026). Further, the G allele frequency in VDBP rs7040 polymorphism was significantly lower in patients with allograft rejection (p = 0.002). Considering the incidence of viral infection, significant differences were identified between the frequencies of VDR FokI (OR = 2.035; 95% CI 1.06\u20132.89, p = 0.030) and VDBP rs7040 (OR = 0.40; 95% CI 0.24\u20130.67, p &lt; 0.001) T alleles in the studied groups. Moreover, the VDBP rs7040 GG genotype distribution was low in the recipients with a history of viral infection (p = 0.004). VDR (FokI) and VDBP (rs7040) alleles and their genotype distribution are significantly associated with allograft outcomes including allograft rejection and viral infection in the studied population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T22:09:01Z","timestamp":1616969341000},"page":"1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vitamin D Receptor and Vitamin D Binding Protein Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Renal Allograft Outcome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0179-4562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sepideh","family":"Zununi Vahed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166615731, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7230-0489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Ahmadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166615731, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peyman","family":"Foroughi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166615731, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soroush","family":"Mostafavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166615731, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8612-4842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Madry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6851-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Ardalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166615731, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0323-8922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magali","family":"Cucchiarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"782","article-title":"Kidney exchange to overcome financial barriers to kidney transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Rees","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arab. 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