{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T23:55:43Z","timestamp":1783382143056,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a period of contingency measures, including total or partial lockdowns all over the world leading to several changes in lifestyle\/eating behaviours. This retrospective cohort study aimed at investigating Italian adult population lifestyle changes during COVID-19 pandemic \u201cPhase 1\u201d lockdown (8 March\u20134 May 2020) and discriminate between positive and negative changes and BMI (body mass index) variations (\u0394BMI). Methods. A multiple-choice web-form survey was used to collect retrospective data regarding lifestyle\/eating behaviours during \u201cPhase 1\u201d in the Italian adult population. According to changes in lifestyle\/eating behaviours, the sample was divided into three classes of changes: \u201cnegative change\u201d, \u201cno change\u201d, \u201cpositive change\u201d. For each class, correlations with \u0394BMI were investigated. Results. Data were collected from 1304 subjects (973F\/331M). Mean \u0394BMI differed significantly (p &lt; 0.001) between classes, and was significantly related to water intake, alcohol consumption, physical activity, frequency of \u201ccraving or snacking between meals\u201d, dessert\/sweets consumption at lunch. Conclusions. During \u201cPhase 1\u201d, many people faced several negative changes in lifestyle\/eating behaviours with potential negative impact on health. These findings highlight that pandemic exacerbates nutritional issues and most efforts need to be done to provide nutrition counselling and public health services to support general population needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T04:29:14Z","timestamp":1616992154000},"page":"1117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Lifestyle Changes and Body Mass Index during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: An Italian Online-Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Maffoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Brazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5583-7735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachele","family":"De Giuseppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ginevra","family":"Biino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Vietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Pallavicini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5752-6199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hellas","family":"Cena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02399-5","article-title":"Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: An Italian survey","volume":"18","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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