{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:52:59Z","timestamp":1789523579028,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children, Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant Number OPP50838) and Irish Aid","award":["OPP50838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP50838"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Pasteurized donor milk (PDM) is typically prescribed to preterm or low birthweight newborns when their mother\u2019s own milk is unavailable. In surplus, PDM is prescribed to meet the nutritional needs of healthy newborns in the first few days of life. However, its overuse can undermine efforts to promote and support breastfeeding, waste resources, and reduce the availability of PDM for at-risk newborns. We conducted this study to examine factors associated with the prescription and prolonged use (&gt;48 h) of privately purchased PDM to healthy newborns. Methods: Prospective observational study of 2440 mothers of healthy, term, and normal birthweight newborns born at Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children between April and August 2019. In addition to the descriptive analysis, we performed multiple logistic regressions to examine factors associated with the prescription of PDM (n = 2440) and prolonged PDM use among those who used PDM (n = 566). Results: Twenty-three percent (566\/2440) of healthy, term, and birthweight \u22652500 g newborns received PDM and were included in the study. The prevalence of PDM use was higher for cesarean births (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.66, 2.55) and among male newborns (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.62), but lower for farmers or workers (vs. other jobs; OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.93), family income &lt;10 million VND (vs. \u226510 million VND; OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.82), and duration of skin-to-skin \u226590 min (vs. &lt;90 min; OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.76). Prolonged PDM use (12.4% of 566 newborns who used PDM) was associated with the mother having a higher socioeconomic status job (professional, small trader or homemaker; OR: 4.00; 95% CI: 1.39, 12.5), being a first-time mother (OR: 3.39; 95% CI: 1.92, 6.01) or having a cesarean birth (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 4.28). Conclusions: The prescription and prolonged use of privately purchased PDM was associated with non-medical factors unrelated to the ability to breastfeed effectively. The findings suggest the need for improved breastfeeding communication, counseling and support skills for health staff, development, and application of strict criteria on PDM use for healthy newborns and better routine monitoring of PDM use over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T05:57:18Z","timestamp":1617170238000},"page":"1151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Factors Associated with the Use of Pasteurized Donor Milk for Healthy Newborns: Experience from the First Human Milk Bank in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7729-6063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoang Thi","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Unit and Human Milk Bank, Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children, Da Nang 50506, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang 50206, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0737-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuan T","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alive &amp; Thrive Southeast Asia, FHI 360, Hanoi 11022, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoang Thi Nam","family":"Giang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Cooperation and Scientific Research Office, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang 50206, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le Thi","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Unit and Human Milk Bank, Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children, Da Nang 50506, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang 50206, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Milk Bank Scotland, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4475-8716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Mathisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alive &amp; Thrive Southeast Asia, FHI 360, Hanoi 11022, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8862-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John C. S.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International consultant, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME) (2019). Levels & Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2019, Estimates Developed by the United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e710","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30163-9","article-title":"National, regional, and global levels and trends in neonatal mortality between 1990 and 2017, with scenario-based projections to 2030: A systematic analysis","volume":"7","author":"Hug","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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