{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:26:38Z","timestamp":1762431998827,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1C1C1009849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1C1C1009849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korea Medical Device Development Fund","award":["202014X19-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202014X19-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a major and rapidly growing public health problem thatcauses disability, social isolation, and socioeconomic cost. Nutritional status is known to cause manyaging-related problems, and recent studies have suggested that there are interaction effects betweenARHL and dietary factors. We aimed to investigate the association between ARHL and dietaryassessment using data from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,which is a nationwide cross-sectional survey that included 5201 participants aged\u226550 years from2010 to 2012. All participants had normal findings on otoscopic examination and symmetric hearingthresholds of &lt;15 dB between both sides. Nutritional survey data included food consumption andnutrient intake using the 24 h recall method. Data were analyzed using multiple regression modelswith complex sampling adjusted for confounding factors, such as age, sex, educational level, andhistory of diabetes. Higher intake of seeds and nuts, fruits, seaweed, and vitamin A were positivelyassociated with better hearing. Our findings suggest that dietary antioxidants or anti-inflammatoryfood may help reduce ARHL<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T21:27:44Z","timestamp":1617917264000},"page":"1230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Associations between Age-Related Hearing Loss and DietaryAssessment Using Data from Korean National Health andNutrition Examination Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8105-813X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan 31116, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jungmin","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Il Joon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung Medical Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000236089.44566.62","article-title":"Presbycusis: A Human Temporal Bone Study of Individuals with Downward Sloping Audiometric Patterns of Hearing Loss and Review of the Literature","volume":"116","author":"Nelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2016.2661","article-title":"Increases in the Rate of Age-Related Hearing Loss in the Older Old","volume":"143","author":"Wattamwar","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.597","article-title":"Prevalence of Age-Related Hearing Loss in Older Adults: Blue Mountains Study","volume":"169","author":"Gopinath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1159\/000275062","article-title":"Current Trends in Treating Hearing Loss in Elderly People: A Review of the Technology and Treatment Options\u2014A Mini-Review","volume":"56","author":"Sprinzl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr002","article-title":"Hearing Loss Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Older Adults in the United States","volume":"66","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, J.E., Ahn, J., Park, H.W., Baek, S.-Y., Kim, S., and Moon, I.J. (2017). Prevalence of minimal hearing loss in South Korea. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171635"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathers, C.D., and Loncar, D. (2006). Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med., 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030442"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.224683","article-title":"Hearing loss: Rising prevalence and impact","volume":"97","author":"Olusanya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813518021","article-title":"The Association between Hearing Loss and Social Isolation in Older Adults","volume":"150","author":"Mick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2018.03.004","article-title":"Hearing loss and the risk of dementia in later life","volume":"112","author":"Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5237","article-title":"The impact of sensory impairment on cognitive performance, quality of life, depression, and loneliness in older adults","volume":"35","author":"Harithasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894931020S101","article-title":"Cochlear Pathology in Presbycusis","volume":"102","author":"Schuknecht","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200005000-00003","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Restriction and Antioxidants on Presbyacusis","volume":"110","author":"Seidman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/03655230410017823","article-title":"Age-related hearing loss and its association with reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial DNA damage","volume":"124","author":"Seidman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2013.01.021","article-title":"Current concepts in age-related hearing loss: Epidemiology and mechanistic pathways","volume":"303","author":"Yamasoba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.10.002","article-title":"Chronic inflammation\u2014inflammaging\u2014in the ageing cochlea: A novel target for future presbycusis therapy","volume":"40","author":"Watson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1159\/000106478","article-title":"The Complexity of Age-Related Hearing Impairment: Contributing Environmental and Genetic Factors","volume":"12","year":"2007","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480510038617","article-title":"Estrogen and hearing: A summary of recent investigations","volume":"126","author":"Hultcrantz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.02.079","article-title":"Mechanisms and genes in human strial presbycusis from animal models","volume":"1277","author":"Ohlemiller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"63","article-title":"Diabetes reduces auditory sensitivity in middle-aged listeners more than in elderly listeners: A population- based study of age-related hearing loss","volume":"16","author":"Uchida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00464438","article-title":"An experimental study of auditory dysfunction associated with hyperlipoproteinemia","volume":"243","author":"Saito","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488609119420","article-title":"Diet-induced Hyperlipidemia and Auditory Dysfunction","volume":"102","author":"Sikora","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.04.012","article-title":"A long-term high-fat diet increases oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in the inner ear of d-galactose-induced aging rats","volume":"287","author":"Du","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.068437","article-title":"Antioxidant vitamins and magnesium and the risk of hearing loss in the US general population","volume":"99","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glp038","article-title":"Serum Levels of Retinol and Other Antioxidants for Hearing Impairment Among Japanese Older Adults","volume":"64","author":"Michikawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.04.266","article-title":"A combination antioxidant therapy prevents age-related hearing loss in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"143","author":"Ackah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/582849","article-title":"Oxidative Stresses and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Hearing Loss","volume":"2014","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00086","article-title":"Synergistic effects of free radical scavengers and cochlear vasodilators: A new otoprotective strategy for age-related hearing loss","volume":"7","author":"Alvarado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000183694.10583.12","article-title":"N-Acetyltransferase 2 Gene Polymorphism and Presbycusis","volume":"115","author":"Tamer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2599","article-title":"The origins of age-related proinflammatory state","volume":"105","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00012","article-title":"Source of Chronic Inflammation in Aging","volume":"5","author":"Sanada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2014.891057","article-title":"Inflammation is associated with a worsening of presbycusis: Evidence from the MRC national study of hearing","volume":"53","author":"Verschuur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.11.003","article-title":"Dynamic activation of basilar membrane macrophages in response to chronic sensory cell degeneration in aging mouse cochleae","volume":"344","author":"Frye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.01.011","article-title":"Postprandial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of extra virgin olive oil","volume":"190","author":"Bogani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1021\/jf053033c","article-title":"Effect of a Tomato-Based Drink on Markers of Inflammation, Immunomodulation, and Oxidative Stress","volume":"54","author":"Riso","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.08.054","article-title":"The effects of chronic tea intake on platelet activation and inflammation: A double-blind placebo controlled trial","volume":"193","author":"Steptoe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.10.049","article-title":"A prospective study of vitamin intake and the risk of hearing loss in men","volume":"142","author":"Shargorodsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sardone, R., Lampignano, L., Guerra, V., Zupo, R., Donghia, R., Castellana, F., Battista, P., Bortone, I., Procino, F., and Castellana, M. (2020). Relationship between Inflammatory Food Consumption and Age-Related Hearing Loss in a Prospective Observational Cohort: Results from the Salus in Apulia Study. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020426"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, T.S., and Chung, J.W. (2019). Associations of Dietary Riboflavin, Niacin, and Retinol with Age-related Hearing Loss: An Analysis of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040896"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.072793","article-title":"Dietary vitamin intake correlates with hearing thresholds in the older population: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"99","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e3182533403","article-title":"Navigating Complex Sample Analysis Using National Survey Data","volume":"61","author":"Saylor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515003463","article-title":"Low-fat and low-protein diets are associated with hearing discomfort among the elderly of Korea","volume":"114","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt228","article-title":"Data resource profile: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)","volume":"43","author":"Kweon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"652","article-title":"Health Benefits of Nut Consumption","volume":"2","author":"Ros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corsetto, P.A., Montorfano, G., Zava, S., Colombo, I., Ingadottir, B., Jonsdottir, R., Sveinsdottir, K., and Rizzo, A.M. (2020). Characterization of Antioxidant Potential of Seaweed Extracts for Enrichment of Convenience Food. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9030249"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj033","article-title":"Nut and Seed Consumption and Inflammatory Markers in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"163","author":"Jiang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00895","article-title":"Age-Related Changes in Immune Cells of the Human Cochlea","volume":"10","author":"Noble","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10388","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205210109","article-title":"Perivascular-resident macrophage-like melanocytes in the inner ear are essential for the integrity of the intrastrial fluid-blood barrier","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00287","article-title":"Inflammatory and immune responses in the cochlea: Potential therapeutic targets for sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"5","author":"Fujioka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.02.069","article-title":"Maintenance of systemic immune functions prevents accelerated presbycusis","volume":"1208","author":"Iwai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(02)00177-8","article-title":"Correlation between accelerated presbycusis and decreased immune functions","volume":"38","author":"Iwai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0119-0","article-title":"Dietary antioxidant intake is associated with the prevalence but not incidence of age-related hearing loss","volume":"15","author":"Gopinath","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michikawa, T., Nishiwaki, Y., Kikuchi, Y., Nakano, M., Iwasawa, S., Asakura, K., Milojevic, A., Mizutari, K., Saito, H., and Ishida, S. (2009). Gender-specific associations of vision and hearing impairments with adverse health outcomes in older Japanese: A population-based cohort study. BMC Geriatr., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-9-50"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"2079","article-title":"Intake of specific nutrients and foods and hearing level measured 13 years later","volume":"109","author":"Jeandel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33670","article-title":"Retinoid signaling in inner ear development: A \u201cgoldilocks\u201d phenomenon","volume":"152A","author":"Frenz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.20244","article-title":"Retinoid signaling in inner ear development","volume":"66","author":"Romand","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.1.102","article-title":"Dietary retinol\u2014A double-edged sword","volume":"287","author":"Denke","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.008","article-title":"Free radical scavengers vitamins A, C, and E plus magnesium reduce noise trauma","volume":"42","author":"Hughes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1993.1581","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity of All-trans-retinol in Homogeneous Solution and in Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes","volume":"307","author":"Tesoriere","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(89)90143-3","article-title":"Antioxidant functions of carotenoids","volume":"7","author":"Krinsky","year":"1989","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb09159.x","article-title":"Effects of Vitamin A and Its Analogs on Nonenzymatic Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Brain Mitochondria","volume":"52","author":"Das","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/119.1.101","article-title":"Carotenoids in Human Blood and Tissues","volume":"119","author":"Parker","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.09.025","article-title":"Physiological Roles of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species","volume":"48","author":"Sena","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2008.11.010","article-title":"Aging outer hair cells (OHCs) in the Fischer 344 rat cochlea: Function and morphology","volume":"248","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-1637(02)00004-1","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of age-related hearing loss","volume":"1","author":"Seidman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00192","article-title":"Resolution of Cochlear Inflammation: Novel Target for Preventing or Ameliorating Drug-, Noise- and Age-related Hearing Loss","volume":"11","author":"Kalinec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, S.Y., Kim, S.H., and Yeo, S.G. (2019). Association of Nutritional Factors with Hearing Loss. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020307"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/4\/1230\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:34:24Z","timestamp":1760362464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/4\/1230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["nu13041230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13041230","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-6643"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]}}}