{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T03:40:08Z","timestamp":1785814808461,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007872","name":"Bowel and Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007872","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/R012490 & BBS\/E\/F\/000PR10355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/R012490 & BBS\/E\/F\/000PR10355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Receptors located on enteroendocrine cells (EECs) of the colon can detect nutrients in the lumen. These receptors regulate appetite through a variety of mechanisms, including hormonal and neuronal signals. We assessed the effect of obesity on the expression of these G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and hormones at both mRNA and protein level. Methods: qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to examine colonic tissue from cohorts of patients from the Netherlands (proximal and sigmoid tissue) and the United Kingdom (tissue from across the colon) and patients were grouped by body mass index (BMI) value (BMI &lt; 25 and BMI \u2265 25). Results: The mRNA expression of the hormones\/signaling molecules serotonin, glucagon, peptide YY (PYY), CCK and somatostatin were not significantly different between BMI groups. GPR40 mRNA expression was significantly increased in sigmoid colon samples in the BMI \u2265 25 group, but not proximal colon. GPR41, GPR109a, GPR43, GPR120, GPRC6A, and CaSR mRNA expression were unaltered between low and high BMI. At the protein level, serotonin and PYY containing cell numbers were similar in high and low BMI groups. Enterochromaffin cells (EC) showed high degree of co-expression with amino acid sensing receptor, CaSR while co-expression with PYY containing L-cells was limited, regardless of BMI. Conclusions: While expression of medium\/long chain fatty acid receptor GPR40 was increased in the sigmoid colon of the high BMI group, expression of other nutrient sensing GPCRs, and expression profiles of EECs involved in peripheral mechanisms of appetite regulation were unchanged. Collectively, these data suggest that in human colonic tissue, EEC and nutrient-sensing receptor expression profiles are not affected despite changes to BMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T05:31:37Z","timestamp":1618291897000},"page":"1271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effect of Obesity on the Expression of Nutrient Receptors and Satiety Hormones in the Human Colon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lucas","family":"Baumard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7522-9916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsa Zsa R. M.","family":"Weerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ad A. M.","family":"Masclee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9856-9980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Keszthelyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adina T.","family":"Michael-Titus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4429-5931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madusha","family":"Peiris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Public Health England (2016). 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