{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:38:23Z","timestamp":1790890703533,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phase angle (PhA), a noninvasive bioimpedance marker, is a useful tool for nutritional screening in several diseases. C-reactive protein (CRP), a strong risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, is a commonly used biomarker of meta-inflammation. As both PhA and CRP are influenced by age, BMI, and nutritional status, and exhibit a clear sex dimorphism, we examined the association between PhA and CRP levels in 1855 subjects (680 males and 1175 females), aged 18\u201359 years, with BMIs ranging from 19.5 to 69.4 kg\/m2, stratified according to sex. PhA values and CRP levels were significantly lower in females than males (p &lt; 0.001), while the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was lower in males compared to females (p &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for age, physical activity, BMI, waist circumference, and adherence to the MD, PhA remained negatively associated with CRP levels in both genders (p &lt; 0.001). In the ROC analysis, PhA \u2264 5.5\u00b0 in males and \u22645.4\u00b0 in females were the threshold values predicting increased hs-CRP levels. These results suggested that PhA might represent a valid predictor of CRP levels in both sexes regardless of body weight and adherence to the MD, which avoids the collection of blood sampling and expensive biochemical assays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T21:49:20Z","timestamp":1619300960000},"page":"1446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Phase Angle as an Easy Diagnostic Tool of Meta-Inflammation for the Nutritionist"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9054-456X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Barrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Direzionale, Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Universit\u00e0 Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Isola F2, 80143 Napoli, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Muscogiuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Laudisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"de Alteriis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di 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Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Cattedra Unesco \u201cEducazione alla Salute e allo Sviluppo sostenibile\u201d, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3211-4307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Savastano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu057","article-title":"Chronic inflammation (Inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases","volume":"69","author":"Franceschi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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