{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T21:06:48Z","timestamp":1781125608057,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ajinomoto Co., Inc.","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]},{"name":"University of Toyama","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dioxins have been suggested to induce inflammation in the intestine and brain and to induce neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), partly due to deficits in parvalbumin-positive neurons in the brain that are sensitive to inflammatory stress. Previously, we reported ADHD traits with increased aggressiveness in children with prenatal exposure to dioxins in Vietnam, whereas dried bonito broth (DBB) has been reported to suppress inflammation and inhibit aggressive behavior in animal and human studies. In the present study, we investigated the association between dioxin exposure and the prevalence of children with highly aggressive behaviors (Study 1), as well as the effects of DBB on the prevalence of children with highly aggressive behaviors (Study 2). Methods: In Study 1, we investigated the effects of dioxin exposure on the prevalence of children with high aggression scores, which were assessed using the Children\u2019s Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive\/Proactive (C-SHARP) in dioxin-contaminated areas. The data were analyzed using a logistic regression model after adjusting for confounding factors. In Study 2, we performed nutritional intervention by administering DBB for 60 days to ameliorate the aggressiveness of children with high scores on the C-SHARP aggression scale. The effects of DBB were assessed by comparing the prevalence of children with high C-SHARP scores between the pre- and post-intervention examinations. Results: In Study 1, only the prevalence of children with high covert aggression was significantly increased with an increase in dioxin exposure. In Study 2, in the full ingestion (&gt;80% of goal ingestion volume) group, the prevalence of children with high covert aggression associated with dioxin exposure was significantly lower in the post-ingestion examination compared with in the pre-ingestion examination. However, in other ingestion (&lt;20% and 20\u201379%) groups and a reference (no intervention) group, no difference in the prevalence of children with high covert aggression was found between the examinations before and after the same experimental period. Conclusions: The findings suggest that DBB ingestion may ameliorate children\u2019s aggressive behavior, which is associated with perinatal dioxin exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T22:31:39Z","timestamp":1619389899000},"page":"1455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nutritional Intervention with Dried Bonito Broth for the Amelioration of Aggressive Behaviors in Children with Prenatal Exposure to Dioxins in Vietnam: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Muneko","family":"Nishijo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai The","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Hanoi 193824, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Thao","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Hanoi 193824, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai Thai Thu","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thanh Khe Hospital, Da Nang 50300, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Nghi","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Vietnam Government, Hanoi 111000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kondoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Nishino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nishimaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quyet Ba","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnamese Military Medical University, Hanoi 193824, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4786-4610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisao","family":"Nishijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.02.102","article-title":"Dioxin may promote inflammation-related development of endometriosis","volume":"89","author":"Yeaman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil. 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