{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:43:46Z","timestamp":1785872626906,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Whole milk is a good source of all the nutrients, and it also contains a sufficient number of vitamins to permit regular the growth of the neonate. Dairy cow milk can create allergy in infants less than 12 months old because of the high caseins and \u03b2-lactoglobulin content. In these circumstances, donkey milk can represent a good replacement for dairy cows\u2019 milk in children affected by Cow Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) because of its close chemical composition with human milk, mainly due to its low protein and low mineral content. Milk vitamin content is highly variable among mammalian species and it is strictly correlated with the vitamin status and the diet administered to the mother. Fat-soluble vitamins content in donkey milk is, on average, lower compared to ruminants\u2019 milk, while vitamin C content determined in donkey milk is higher compared to dairy cows\u2019 milk, showing a great similarity with human milk. In donkey milk, the content of vitamins of the B-complex such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folic acid is higher compared to human milk. The use of donkey milk as a new functional food must be further evaluated in interdisciplinary clinical trials in which pediatricians, dietitians, and food scientists must be involved to deepen the knowledge about the positive health impact of donkey milk in different sensitive people, especially children and the elderly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T10:30:41Z","timestamp":1619692241000},"page":"1509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Vitamins in Human and Donkey Milk: Functional and Nutritional Role"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6386-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Vincenzetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2674-9039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Polzonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2137-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Pucciarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5419-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulia","family":"Klimanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2201-6575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Polidori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2011.08.003","article-title":"Dairy products and physical stature: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"10","year":"2012","journal-title":"Econ. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"FAOSTAT (2020, October 11). FAO Statistical Database. Available online: http:\/\/faostat.fao.org\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vincenzetti, S., Pucciarelli, S., Polzonetti, V., and Polidori, P. (2017). Role of Proteins and of Some Bioactive Peptides on the Nutritional Quality of Donkey Milk and Their Impact on Human Health. Beverages, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/beverages3030034"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Hubert, R. (2002). Dairy animals. Horse. R. Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, London Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1051\/animres:2003049","article-title":"Composition and characteristics of ass\u2019s milk","volume":"53","author":"Salimei","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-600","article-title":"Composition, Physiochemical Properties, Nitrogen Fraction Distribution, and Amino Acid Profile of Donkey Milk","volume":"90","author":"Guo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.6000\/1929-4247.2015.04.03.6","article-title":"Use of Donkey Milk in Cases of Cow\u2019s Milk Protein Allergies","volume":"4","author":"Polidori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Child Heal. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1051\/dst\/2010018","article-title":"Comparison of the digestion of caseins and whey proteins in equine, bovine, caprine and human milks by human gastrointestinal enzymes","volume":"90","author":"Inglingstad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dairy Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029918000420","article-title":"Technological attempts at producing cheese from donkey milk","volume":"85","author":"Faccia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.06.026","article-title":"Donkey\u2019s milk protein fractions characterization","volume":"106","author":"Vincenzetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.07.002","article-title":"Proteins and bioactive peptides from donkey milk: The molecular basis for its reduced allergenic properties","volume":"99","author":"Cunsolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0167","article-title":"Donkey\u00b4s Milk Is Well Accepted and Tolerated by Infants With Cow\u2019s Milk Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome: A Preliminary Study","volume":"27","author":"Mori","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.2174\/157340111794941111","article-title":"The Role of Dairy Products in Healthy Weight and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents","volume":"7","author":"Cifelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"38","article-title":"Tackling inadequate vitamin D intakes within the population: Fortification of dairy products with vitamin D may not be enough","volume":"51","author":"Cashman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.1020","article-title":"Consequences of a plant-based diet with low dairy consumption on intake of bone-relevant nu-trients","volume":"18","author":"Merrill","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2011.00302.x","article-title":"Food sources and intake of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in low-income countries with emphasis on infants, young children (6\u201324 months), and pregnant and lactating women","volume":"7","author":"Michaelsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32832b3f33","article-title":"Mammalian milk allergy: Clinical suspicion, cross-reactivities and diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Chatchatee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62132-1","article-title":"Soy formulas and nonbovine milk","volume":"89","author":"Muraro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2007.00567.x","article-title":"Ass\u2019s milk in children with atopic dermatitis and cow\u2019s milk allergy: Crossover comparison with goat\u2019s milk","volume":"18","author":"Vita","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"177","article-title":"Use of ass\u2019s milk in multiple food allergy","volume":"14","author":"Iacono","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroent. Nutrit."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Tsakalidou, E., and Papadimitriou, K. (2016). Macro- and Micronutrients in Non-cow Milk and Products and Their Impact on Human Health. Non-Bovine Milk and Milk Products, Elsevier BV."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vincenzetti, S., Pucciarelli, S., Santini, G., Klimanova, Y., Polzonetti, V., and Polidori, P. (2020). B-Vitamins Determination in Donkey Milk. Beverages, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/beverages6030046"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2020.01.025","article-title":"Folic acid biosensors: A review","volume":"92","author":"Batra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Process. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, X., Yang, Z., Shao, B., Yin, S.A., and Yang, X. (2015). B-Vitamin Levels in Human Milk among Different Lactation Stages and Areas in China. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133285"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-6-25","article-title":"Bovine milk in human nutrition\u2014A review","volume":"6","author":"Haug","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2016.1175014","article-title":"Donkey milk: An overview on functionality, technology, and future prospects","volume":"33","author":"Aspri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Rev. Int."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3711","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207783018590","article-title":"Immunological Properties of Donkeys Milk: Its Potential Use in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Tafaro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1515\/aoas-2015-0041","article-title":"Is mare milk an appropriate food for people?\u2014A review","volume":"16","author":"Pieszka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.2754\/avb201988040473","article-title":"The content of selected vitamins and iodine in mare\u2019s milk","volume":"88","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Veterianria Brno"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2197975","article-title":"Effects of Vitamin B6 Deficiency on the Composition and Functional Potential of T Cell Populations","volume":"2017","author":"Qian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-020-04329-1","article-title":"Physico-chemical composition, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, fatty acid profile and sensory evaluation of donkey milk from Indian small grey breed","volume":"57","author":"Nayak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Roginski, H., Fuquay, J.W., and Fox, P.F. (2003). Vitamin C, nutritional significance. Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602048","article-title":"Vitamin C in breast milk may reduce the risk of atopy in the infant","volume":"59","author":"Hoppu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)73024-1","article-title":"Changes in Chemical Composition of Alxa Bactrian Camel Milk During Lactation","volume":"88","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.109066","article-title":"On behalf of the RCPCH Standing Committee on Nutrition Vitamins for babies and young children","volume":"92","author":"Leaf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2202\/1556-3758.2032","article-title":"Effects of Lyophilization and Use of Probiotics on Donkey\u2019s Milk Nutritional Characteristics","volume":"7","author":"Vincenzetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400S","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2011.10719983","article-title":"Milk and Dairy Products: A Unique Micronutrient Combination","volume":"30","author":"Gaucheron","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1021\/jf302811a","article-title":"Comprehensive Profiling of Carotenoids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Milk from Different Animal Species by LC-DAD-MS\/MS Hyphenation","volume":"61","author":"Gentili","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2006.06.018","article-title":"Carotenoids for ruminants: From forages to dairy products","volume":"131","author":"Graulet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.12.017","article-title":"Milk fat globules by confocal Raman microscopy: Differences in human, bovine and caprine milk","volume":"80","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"619","article-title":"Milk nutritional composition and its role in human health","volume":"30","author":"Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2013.06.008","article-title":"Food system strategies for preventing micronutrient malnutrition","volume":"42","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Muehlhoff, E., Bennett, A., and McMahon, D. (2013). Milk and dairy products composition. Milk and Dairy Products in Human Nutrition, F.A.O."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8721","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-14776","article-title":"Short communication: Technological and seasonal variations of vitamin D and other nutritional components in donkey milk","volume":"101","author":"Martini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2018.09.005","article-title":"Donkey and human milk: Insights into their compositional similarities","volume":"89","author":"Altomonte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Dairy J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vici, G., Camilletti, D., and Polzonetti, V. (2020). Possible Role of Vitamin D in Celiac Disease Onset. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041051"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polzonetti, V., Pucciarelli, S., Vincenzetti, S., and Polidori, P. (2020). Dietary Intake of Vitamin D from Dairy Products Reduces the Risk of Osteoporosis. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202002.0465.v1"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2014.04.006","article-title":"Vitamin E concentration in human milk and associated factors: A literature review","volume":"90","author":"Lima","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.10.002","article-title":"Human milk composition: Nutrients and bioactive factors","volume":"60","author":"Ballard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. N. Amer."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, Y.W., and Haenlein, G.F. (2013). Vitamins in Milks. Milk and Dairy Products in Human Nutrition, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118534168"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"1121","article-title":"A Review of the Evidence Supporting the Vitamin D-Cancer Prevention Hypothesis in 2017","volume":"38","author":"Grant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2010.02.007","article-title":"Equine milk proteins: Chemistry, structure and nutritional significance","volume":"20","author":"Huppertz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Dairy J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2011.11.008","article-title":"Equid milk for human consumption","volume":"24","author":"Salimei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Dairy J."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1999.00620.x","article-title":"Cross-reactivity between milk proteins of different animals","volume":"29","author":"Carroccio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"1654","article-title":"The balance between caseins and whey proteins in cow\u2019s milk determines its allergenicity","volume":"88","author":"Olivares","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-6946(02)00120-6","article-title":"Protein and fat composition of mare\u2019s milk: Some nutritional remarks with reference to human and cow\u2019s milk","volume":"12","author":"Malacarne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Dairy J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00925.x","article-title":"Intolerance to hydrolysed cow\u2019s milk proteins in infants: Clinical characteristics and dietary treatment","volume":"30","author":"Carroccio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2007.00521.x","article-title":"Efficacy of donkey\u2019s milk in treating highly problematic cow\u2019s milk allergic children: An in vivo and in vitro study","volume":"18","author":"Monti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"75","article-title":"Tolerability of donkey\u2019s milk in 92 highly-problematic cow\u2019s milk allergic children","volume":"26","author":"Monti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-35-19","article-title":"Adequacy and tolerance to ass\u2019s milk in an Italian cohort of children with cow\u2019s milk allergy","volume":"35","author":"Tesse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12871","article-title":"Tolerability and palatability of donkey\u2019s milk in children with cow\u2019s milk allergy","volume":"29","author":"Barni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-019-0700-4","article-title":"Donkey\u2019s Milk in the Management of Children with Cow\u2019s Milk protein allergy: Nutritional and hygienic aspects","volume":"45","author":"Sarti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15367","article-title":"Donkey\u2019s milk allergy","volume":"177","author":"Peeters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brit. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0237","article-title":"A Case of Work-Related Donkey Milk Allergy","volume":"28","author":"Giorgis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"556155","article-title":"Physicochemical properties of North African donkey milk","volume":"21","author":"Aroua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agric. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"13","article-title":"Modern use of donkeys","volume":"3","author":"Karatosidi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/5\/1509\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:55:36Z","timestamp":1760162136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/5\/1509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["nu13051509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13051509","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]}}}