{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:01:14Z","timestamp":1789722074398,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FrieslandCampina Amersfoort,  The Netherlands","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prevalence of anaemia among Nigerian toddlers is reported to be high, and may cause significant morbidity, affects brain development and function, and results in weakness and fatigue. Although, iron fortification can reduce anaemia, yet the effect on gut microbiota is unclear. This open-label randomised study in anaemic malnourished Nigerian toddlers aimed to decrease anaemia without affecting pathogenic gut bacteria using a multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drink. The test product was provided daily in different amounts (200, 400 or 600 mL, supplying 2.24, 4.48 and 6.72 mg of elemental iron, respectively) for 6 months. Haemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured to determine anaemia, iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) prevalence. Faecal samples were collected to analyse gut microbiota composition. All three dosages reduced anaemia prevalence, to 47%, 27% and 18%, respectively. ID and IDA prevalence was low and did not significantly decrease over time. Regarding gut microbiota, Enterobacteriaceae decreased over time without differences between groups, whereas Bifidobacteriaceae and pathogenic E. coli were not affected. In conclusion, the multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drink reduced anaemia in a dose-dependent way, without stimulating intestinal potential pathogenic bacteria, and thus appears to be safe and effective in treating anaemia in Nigerian toddlers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T11:10:27Z","timestamp":1620299427000},"page":"1566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Multi-Nutrient Fortified Dairy-Based Drink Reduces Anaemia without Observed Adverse Effects on Gut Microbiota in Anaemic Malnourished Nigerian Toddlers: A Randomised Dose\u2013Response Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2758-4088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adedotun J.","family":"Owolabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FrieslandCampina WAMCO Nigeria Plc, Industrial Estate, Plot 7b Acme Rd, Ogba, Ikeja, Lagos 100001, Nigeria"},{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idowu O.","family":"Senbanjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos 100001, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazeem A.","family":"Oshikoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutic and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos 100001, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"Boekhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIZO Food Research B.V., 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn T.","family":"Eijlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIZO Food Research B.V., 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guus A. M.","family":"Kortman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIZO Food Research B.V., 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeske H. J.","family":"Hageman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FrieslandCampina, P.O. Box 1551, 3800 BN Amersfoort, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Folake","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8406-7592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alida","family":"Melse-Boonstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Schaafsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FrieslandCampina, P.O. Box 1551, 3800 BN Amersfoort, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-06-508325","article-title":"A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010","volume":"123","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxx036","article-title":"Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND)-Iron review","volume":"148","author":"Lynch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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