{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:51:00Z","timestamp":1788929460364,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture leading to bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures. Conventional anti-osteoporotic pharmaceutics are effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of osteoporosis, however they are associated with various side effects that push many women into seeking botanicals as an alternative therapy. Traditional folk medicine is a rich source of bioactive compounds waiting for discovery and investigation that might be used in those patients, and therefore botanicals have recently received increasing attention. The aim of this review of literature is to present the comprehensive information about plant-derived compounds that might be used to maintain bone health in perimenopausal and postmenopausal females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T11:30:16Z","timestamp":1620732616000},"page":"1609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Botanicals in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wojciech","family":"S\u0142upski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Jawie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0014-6344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(1993). Consensus development conference: Diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of osteoporosis. Am. J. Med., 94, 646\u2013650.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90218-E"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartl, R., and Bartl, C. (2019). Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures. The Osteoporosis Manual, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00731-7"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-013-0136-1","article-title":"Osteoporosis in the European Union: Medical management, epidemiology and economic burden","volume":"8","author":"Hernlund","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4704-5","article-title":"European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Postmenopausal women","volume":"30","author":"Kanis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.11.007","article-title":"Flavonoids in Bone Erosive Diseases: Perspectives in Osteoporosis Treatment","volume":"32","author":"Bellavia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2014.12.010","article-title":"Estrogen and bone health in men and women","volume":"99","author":"Cauley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.03.016","article-title":"Estrogen receptors alpha and beta in bone","volume":"87","author":"Khalid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.133","article-title":"Novel functions for NF\u03baB: Inhibition of bone formation","volume":"6","author":"Krum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1747","article-title":"ER\u03b1 signaling regulates MMP3 expression to induce FasL cleavage and osteoclast apoptosis","volume":"28","author":"Garcia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.02.007","article-title":"Estrogens antagonize RUNX2-mediated osteoblast-driven osteoclastogenesis through regulating RANKL membrane association","volume":"75","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-006-9000-6","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonists","volume":"7","author":"Gazzerro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.154","article-title":"Wnt signalling in osteoporosis: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches","volume":"9","author":"Canalis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canalis, E. (2013). Skeletal Growth Factors. Osteoporosis, Elsevier Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-415853-5.00017-0"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Zorita, S., Gonz\u00e1lez-Arceo, M., Fern\u00e1ndez-Quintela, A., Eseberri, I., Trepiana, J., and Portillo, M.P. (2020). Scientific Evidence Supporting the Beneficial Effects of Isoflavones on Human Health. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123853"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05476-z","article-title":"Effects of isoflavone interventions on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"31","author":"Sansai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4255-1","article-title":"The effect of icariin on bone metabolism and its potential clinical application","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2012.1079","article-title":"Icariin promotes bone formation via the BMP-2\/Smad4 signal transduction pathway in the hFOB 1.19 human osteoblastic cell line","volume":"30","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.05.039","article-title":"Icariin induces osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization through estrogen receptor-mediated ERK and JNK signal activation","volume":"714","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.11.201","article-title":"Icariin inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via modulation of the NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathways","volume":"508","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2086","article-title":"The Prenyl Group Contributes to Activities of Phytoestrogen 8-Prenynaringenin in Enhancing Bone Formation and Inhibiting Bone Resorption In Vitro","volume":"154","author":"Ming","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.01.015","article-title":"Preclinical studies and clinical evaluation of compounds from the genus Epimedium for osteoporosis and bone health","volume":"162","author":"Indran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/08923970801949133","article-title":"The Correlation of Salvia miltiorrhiza Extract\u2013Induced Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis with the Amount of Components Tanshinone I, Tanshinone IIA, Cryptotanshinone, and Dihydrotanshinone","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1457","article-title":"Tanshinone IIA attenuates osteoclastogenesis in ovariecto-mized mice by inactivating NF-\u03baB and Akt signaling pathways","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2009.9","article-title":"Osteogenic effects of D(+)\u03b2-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid (salvianic acid A, SAA) on osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells of intact and prednisone-treated rats","volume":"30","author":"Cui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, L., Li, T., Liu, Y., Zhou, L., Li, P., Xu, B., Huang, L., Chen, Y., Liu, Y., and Tian, X. (2012). Salvianolic Acid B Prevents Bone Loss in Prednisone-Treated Rats through Stimulation of Osteogenesis and Bone Marrow Angiogenesis. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034647"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, M.-H., Lim, H.-J., Bak, S.G., Park, E.-J., Jang, H.-J., Lee, S., Lee, S., Lee, K.M., Cheong, S.H., and Lee, S.-J. (2020). Eudebeiolide B Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by Regulating RANKL-Induced NF-\u03baB, c-Fos and Calcium Signaling. Pharmaceuticals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13120468"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200109000-00015","article-title":"Dietary inclusion of whole soy foods results in significant reductions in clinical risk factors for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in normal postmenopausal women","volume":"8","author":"Scheiber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(02)00158-5","article-title":"Efficacy of a soy rich diet in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis: The Menfis randomized trial","volume":"42","author":"Chiechi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GME.0000094394.59028.46","article-title":"Beneficial effect of soy isoflavones on bone mineral content was modified by years since menopause, body weight, and calcium intake: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-006-0602-2","article-title":"Soy isoflavones attenuate bone loss in early postmenopausal Chinese women","volume":"45","author":"Ye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3180305299","article-title":"Possible role of equol status in the effects of isoflavone on bone and fat mass in postmenopausal Japanese women","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2010.11.003","article-title":"The Soy Isoflavones for Reducing Bone Loss Study: 3-Yr Effects on pQCT Bone Mineral Density and Strength Measures in Postmenopausal Women","volume":"14","author":"Alekel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Densitom."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2017.11.3.223","article-title":"Effect of soy isoflavones supplement on climacteric symptoms, bone biomarkers, and quality of life in Korean postmenopausal women: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tit, D.M., Bungau, S., Iovan, C., Cseppento, D.C.N., Endres, L., Sava, C., Sabau, A.M., Furau, G., and Furau, C. (2018). Effects of the Hormone Replacement Therapy and of Soy Isoflavones on Bone Resorption in Postmenopause. J. Clin. Med., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7100297"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2927","article-title":"Soy Reduces Bone Turnover Markers in Women During Early Menopause: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"32","author":"Sathyapalan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.330","article-title":"Soy Isoflavones in the Prevention of Menopausal Bone Loss and Menopausal Symptoms","volume":"171","author":"Levis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"65","article-title":"Effect of Soy Protein Containing Isoflavones on Cognitive Function, Bone Mineral Density, and Plasma Lipids in Postmenopausal Women","volume":"292","author":"Kok","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.3.761","article-title":"Long-term consumption of isoflavone-enriched foods does not affect bone mineral density, bone metabolism, or hormonal status in early postmenopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"87","author":"Brink","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-12-200706190-00005","article-title":"Effects of the Phytoestrogen Genistein on Bone Metabolism in Osteopenic Postmenopausal Women","volume":"146","author":"Marini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4787","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1087","article-title":"Breast Safety and Efficacy of Genistein Aglycone for Postmenopausal Bone Loss: A Follow-Up Study","volume":"93","author":"Marini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0883-4","article-title":"Genistein effects on quantitative ultrasound parameters and bone mineral density in osteopenic postmenopausal women","volume":"20","author":"Atteritano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0304-x","article-title":"Effect of a combination of genistein, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins D3 and K1 on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study","volume":"52","author":"Lappe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arcoraci, V., Atteritano, M., Squadrito, F., D\u2019Anna, R., Marini, H.R., Santoro, D., Minutoli, L., Messina, S., Altavilla, D., and Bitto, A. (2017). Antiosteoporotic Activity of Genistein Aglycone in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence from a Post-Hoc Analysis of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9020179"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200107000-00007","article-title":"The effect of isoflavones extracted from red clover (Rimostil) on lipid and bone metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Baber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.2.326","article-title":"The effects of phytoestrogen isoflavones on bone density in women: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"79","author":"Atkinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ajcn153353-920","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.153353","article-title":"Combined bioavailable isoflavones and probiotics improve bone status and estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal osteopenic women: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"106","author":"Lambert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9138","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/689138","article-title":"Intake of Novel Red Clover Supplementation for 12 Weeks Improves Bone Status in Healthy Menopausal Women","volume":"2015","author":"Thorup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1258\/MI.2007.007033","article-title":"Red clover isoflavones are safe and well tolerated in women with a family history of breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Powles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Menopause Int. Integr. J. Postreproductive Health"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2003.09.027","article-title":"Effect of isoflavones on lipids and bone turnover markers in menopausal women","volume":"48","author":"Schult","year":"2004","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31815c5fd8","article-title":"Effects and safety of Pueraria mirifica on lipid profiles and biochemical markers of bone turnover rates in healthy postmenopausal women","volume":"15","author":"Manonai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.216.341","article-title":"Pueraria Mirifica Phytoestrogens Improve Dyslipidemia in Postmenopausal Women Probably by Activating Estrogen Receptor Subtypes","volume":"216","author":"Okamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070405","article-title":"Epimedium-Derived Phytoestrogen Flavonoids Exert Beneficial Effect on Preventing Bone Loss in Late Postmenopausal Women: A 24-Month Randomized, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1089\/152460902753473471","article-title":"Dried Plums Improve Indices of Bone Formation in Postmenopausal Women","volume":"11","author":"Arjmandi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Women\u2019s Heal. Gender-Based Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514000671","article-title":"The effect of dried plum on serum levels of receptor activator of NF-\u03baB ligand, osteoprotegerin and sclerostin in osteopenic postmenopausal women: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"112","author":"Hooshmand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3524-8","article-title":"The effect of two doses of dried plum on bone density and bone biomarkers in osteopenic postmenopausal women: A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Hooshmand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzaa040_005","article-title":"The Short-Term Effects of Prunes in Preventing Inflammation and Improving Indices of Bone Health in Osteopenic Men","volume":"4","author":"Arjmandi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"201","article-title":"Female climacteric osteoporosis therapy with titrated horsetail (Equisetum arvense) extract plus calcium (osteosil calcium): Randomized double blind study","volume":"50","author":"Corletto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Minerva Ortop. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gme.0000174470.44822.57","article-title":"Effects of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) on bone turnover, vaginal mucosa, and various blood parameters in postmenopausal women","volume":"13","author":"Wuttke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.03.042","article-title":"Isopropanolic Cimicifuga racemosa is favorable on bone markers but neutral on an osteoblastic cell line","volume":"91","author":"Pineda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3181cc4a00","article-title":"Effect of exercise and Cimicifuga racemosa (CR BNO 1055) on bone mineral density, 10-year coronary heart disease risk, and menopausal complaints","volume":"17","author":"Bebenek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v64.3665","article-title":"Efficacy of Labisia pumila and Eurycoma longifolia standardised extracts on hot flushes, quality of life, hormone and lipid profile of peri-menopausal and menopausal women: A randomised, placebo-controlled study","volume":"64","author":"Chinnappan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1, L., Dad\u00e1kov\u00e1, K., Ka\u0161parovsk\u00e1, J., and Ka\u0161parovsk\u00fd, T. (2019). Isoflavones. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24061076"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cassidy, A., Pe\u00f1alvo, J., and Hollman, P. (2012). Bioavailability of isoflavones in humans. Flavonoids and Related Compounds: Bioavail-ability and Function, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/b11872-6"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jolly, J.J., Chin, K.-Y., Alias, E., Chua, K.H., and Soelaiman, I.N. (2018). Protective Effects of Selected Botanical Agents on Bone. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15050963"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/91.3.489","article-title":"Determination of Total Soy Isoflavones in Dietary Supplements, Supplement Ingredients, and Soy Foods by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection: Collaborative Study","volume":"91","author":"Collison","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.16.1890","article-title":"Prospective Cohort Study of Soy Food Consumption and Risk of Bone Fracture Among Postmenopausal Women","volume":"165","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(98)00114-8","article-title":"Bone loss in Great Britain and Japan: A comparative longitudinal study","volume":"23","author":"Dennison","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115959","article-title":"A Comparison of Hip Fracture Incidence among Native Japanese, Japanese Americans, and American Caucasians","volume":"133","author":"Ross","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.04.049","article-title":"Effects of phytoestrogen genistein on cytogenetic biomarkers in postmenopausal women: 1 year randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"589","author":"Atteritano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.093906","article-title":"Impact of equol-producing capacity and soy-isoflavone profiles of supplements on bone calcium retention in postmenopausal women: A randomized crossover trial","volume":"102","author":"Pawlowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ajcn151464-811","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.151464","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of isoflavone formulations against estrogen-deficient bone resorption in peri- and postmenopausal women","volume":"106","author":"Lambert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1635078","article-title":"Soy isoflavones prevent bone resorption and loss, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"60","author":"Akhlaghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2016.1238451","article-title":"Effects of phytoestrogens on bone mineral density during the menopause transition: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials","volume":"19","author":"Abdi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.12.020","article-title":"Effect of long-term intervention of soy isoflavones on bone mineral density in women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2017.07.003","article-title":"Chinese Herbal Medicine for Osteoporosis: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"20","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Densitom."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.03.001","article-title":"Psoralidin, a prenylated coumestan, as a novel anti-osteoporosis candidate to enhance bone formation of osteoblasts and decrease bone resorption of osteoclasts","volume":"801","author":"Zhai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.06.016","article-title":"Psoralea corylifolia L. (Buguchi)\u2014Folklore to modern evidence: Review","volume":"90","author":"Chopra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2214-4","article-title":"Skeletal effects of nutrients and nutraceuticals, beyond calcium and vitamin D","volume":"24","author":"Nieves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7941391","article-title":"Combination of Red Clover and Hops Extract Improved Menopause Symptoms in an Ovariectomized Rat Model","volume":"2020","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130600736934","article-title":"Soy and red clover for mid-life and aging","volume":"9","author":"Geller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gme.0000198297.40269.f7","article-title":"Clinical studies of red clover (Trifolium pratense) dietary supplements in menopause: A literature review","volume":"13","author":"Booth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2013.7.3.185","article-title":"Effect of dietary legumes on bone-specific gene expression in ovariectomized rats","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000010","article-title":"The Effects of Yellow Soybean, Black Soybean, and Sword Bean on Lipid Levels and Oxidative Stress in Ovariectomized Rats","volume":"80","author":"Byun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2018.05.002","article-title":"Soy protein improves tibial whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties in ovariectomized and ovary-intact, low-fit female rats","volume":"8","author":"Hinton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Rep."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16012117","article-title":"Prevention of Osteoporosis by Oral Administration of Phytate-Removed and Deamidated Soybean \u03b2-Conglycinin","volume":"16","author":"Akao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31118-w","article-title":"Germinated soy germ with increased soyasaponin Ab improves BMP-2-induced bone formation and protects against in vivo bone loss in osteoporosis","volume":"8","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noh, D., Lim, Y., Lee, H., Kim, H., and Kwon, O. (2018). Soybean-Hop Alleviates Estrogen Deficiency-Related Bone Loss and Metabolic Dysfunction in Ovariectomized Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23051205"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2018.4335","article-title":"Dry-Fermented Soybean Food (Cheonggukjang) Ameliorates Senile Osteoporosis in the Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 6 Model","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zak\u0142os-Szyda, M., Budryn, G., Grzelczyk, J., P\u00e9rez-S\u00e1nchez, H., and \u017by\u017celewicz, D. (2020). Evaluation of Isoflavones as Bone Resorption Inhibitors upon Interactions with Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-\u03baB Ligand (RANKL). Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010206"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20061735","article-title":"Genistein modulates the effects of parathyroid hormone in human osteoblastic SaOS-2 cells","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.3839\/jksabc.2010.121","article-title":"Effects of Isoflavone Aglycone-rich Fermented Soybean Paste Extracts on Osteoblastic Differentiation of MG-63 Cells","volume":"53","author":"Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00474","article-title":"Icariin, but Not Genistein, Exerts Osteogenic and Anti-apoptotic Effects in Osteoblastic Cells by Selective Activation of Non-genomic ER\u03b1 Signaling","volume":"9","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thangavel, P., Puga-Olgu\u00edn, A., Rodr\u00edguez-Landa, J.F., and Zepeda, R.C. (2019). Genistein as Potential Therapeutic Candidate for Menopausal Symptoms and Other Related Diseases. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24213892"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1433-8","article-title":"Genistein and Silicon Synergistically Protects Against Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss Through Upregulating OPG\/RANKL Ratio","volume":"188","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Element Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1134-8","article-title":"Synergistic Effects of Genistein and Zinc on Bone Metabolism and the Femoral Metaphyseal Histomorphology in the Ovariectomized Rats","volume":"183","author":"Qi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, B., Yu, B., Tang, D., Li, S., and Wu, Y. (2016). Daidzein promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in OCT1 cells through stimulating the activation of BMP-2\/Smads pathway. Genet. Mol. Res., 15.","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr.15028792"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2017.04.009","article-title":"Daidzein stimulates osteogenesis facilitating proliferation, differentiation, and antiapoptosis in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells via estrogen receptor\u2013dependent MEK\/ERK and PI3K\/Akt activation","volume":"42","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110734","article-title":"A comprehensive review on Pueraria: Insights on its chemistry and medicinal value","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110923","article-title":"Puerarin improves the bone micro-environment to inhibit OVX-induced osteoporosis via modulating SCFAs released by the gut microbiota and repairing intestinal mucosal integrity","volume":"132","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, G., Wang, Y., Tang, G., and Ma, Y. (2019). Puerarin inhibits the osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting RANKL-dependent and \u2013independent autophagic responses. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2691-5"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-967168","article-title":"Stimulatory Effect of Puerarin on Bone Formation through Activation of PI3K\/Akt Pathway in Rat Calvaria Osteoblasts","volume":"73","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"55","article-title":"Puerarin promotes the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells via microRNA-106b by targeting receptor activator of nuclear factor-\u03baB ligand","volume":"15","author":"Shan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.01.001","article-title":"The genus Epimedium: An ethnopharmacological and phytochemical review","volume":"134","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364604","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/364604","article-title":"Potential Antiosteoporotic Agents from Plants: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"2012","author":"Jia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1558294","article-title":"Beneficial Effects of a Flavonoid Fraction of Herba Epimedii on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats","volume":"82","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12743","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12743","article-title":"Icariin prevents oestrogen deficiency\u2013induced alveolar bone loss through promoting osteogenesis via STAT3","volume":"53","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1328330","article-title":"Hop Extracts and Hop Substances in Treatment of Menopausal Complaints","volume":"79","author":"Keiler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4912","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.12.7168","article-title":"The Endocrine Activities of 8-Prenylnaringenin and Related Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Flavonoids","volume":"85","author":"Milligan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2929107","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2929107","article-title":"A Hop Extract Lifenol\u00ae Improves Postmenopausal Overweight, Osteoporosis, and Hot Flash in Ovariectomized Rats","volume":"2018","author":"Ban","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2017.08.001","article-title":"A standardized Humulus lupulus (L.) ethanol extract partially prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in the rat without induction of adverse effects in the uterus","volume":"34","author":"Keiler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17605","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17605","article-title":"Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption in vitro and in vivo by a prenylflavonoid xanthohumol from hops","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.04.113","article-title":"Xanthohumol from the hop plant stimulates osteoblast differentiation by RUNX2 activation","volume":"409","author":"Jeong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.109","article-title":"Effects and mechanisms of 8-prenylnaringenin on osteoblast MC 3T3-E1 and osteoclast-like cells RAW 264.7","volume":"2","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arjmandi, B.H., Johnson, S.A., Pourafshar, S., Navaei, N., George, K.S., Hooshmand, S., Chai, S.C., and Akhavan, N.S. (2017). Bone-Protective Effects of Dried Plum in Postmenopausal Women: Efficacy and Possible Mechanisms. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9050496"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451100119X","article-title":"Comparative effects of dried plum and dried apple on bone in postmenopausal women","volume":"106","author":"Hooshmand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2013-0281","article-title":"The effects of a 6-month resistance training and dried plum consumption intervention on strength, body composition, blood markers of bone turnover, and inflammation in breast cancer survivors","volume":"39","author":"Simonavice","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.06.013","article-title":"Nutraceuticals for better management of osteoporosis: An overview","volume":"47","author":"Rajput","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2009.0068","article-title":"Combining Fructooligosaccharide and Dried Plum Has the Greatest Effect on Restoring Bone Mineral Density Among Select Functional Foods and Bioactive Compounds","volume":"13","author":"Arjmandi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0335-y","article-title":"Comparison of dried plum supplementation and intermittent PTH in restoring bone in osteopenic orchidectomized rats","volume":"18","author":"Bu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gme.0000185486.55758.5b","article-title":"Dried plum reverses bone loss in an osteopenic rat model of osteoporosis","volume":"12","author":"Deyhim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rendina, E., Hembree, K.D., Davis, M.R., Marlow, D., Clarke, S.L., Halloran, B.P., Lucas, E.A., and Smith, B.J. (2013). Dried Plum\u2019s Unique Capacity to Reverse Bone Loss and Alter Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Model. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060569"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.12.057","article-title":"Dried plum polyphenolic extract combined with vitamin K and potassium restores trabecular and cortical bone in osteopenic model of postmenopausal bone loss","volume":"42","author":"Graef","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-008-9139-0","article-title":"Dried Plum Polyphenols Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis by Downregulating NFATc1 and Inflammatory Mediators","volume":"82","author":"Bu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2007.11.012","article-title":"Dried plum polyphenols attenuate the detrimental effects of TNF-\u03b1 on osteoblast function coincident with up-regulation of Runx2, Osterix and IGF-I","volume":"20","author":"Bu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2012.00826.x","article-title":"Equisetum arvense hydromethanolic extracts in bone tissue regeneration: In vitro osteoblastic modulation and antibacterial activity","volume":"45","author":"Pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2012.00848.x","article-title":"Inhibition of human in vitro osteoclastogenesis by Equisetum arvense","volume":"45","author":"Carmo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.182880","article-title":"Anabolic therapy with Equisetum arvense along with bone mineralising nutrients in ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis","volume":"48","author":"Kotwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"176","article-title":"Effect of Equisetum arvense extract on bone mineral density in Wistar rats via digital radiography","volume":"10","author":"Arbabzadegan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Casp. J. Intern. Med"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_129.1","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) (2009). Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to Equisetum arvense L. and invigoration of the body (ID 2437), maintenance of skin (ID 2438), maintenance of hair (ID 2438), maintenance of bone (ID 2439), and maintenance or achievement of a normal body weight (ID 2783) pursuant to Article 13 of Regulation"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_129.2","unstructured":"(EC) No 1924\/2006. EFSA J., 7, 1289."},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"147","article-title":"60 years of Cimicifuga racemosa medicinal products","volume":"167","author":"Zepelin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wien. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.21010\/ajtcam.v14i6.11","article-title":"Osteoprotective medicinal plants-part 1 (A human clinical evidence-based review)","volume":"14","author":"Dragos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2009.06.013","article-title":"Effect of black cohosh on biochemical markers of bone remodeling in postmenopausal women","volume":"54","author":"Carlisle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Midwifery Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3624","article-title":"Evaluation of the Antiosteoporotic Potential of Cimicifuga heracleifolia in Female Mice","volume":"26","author":"Ahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2007.06.001","article-title":"Triterpenoids from Cimicifugae rhizoma, a novel class of inhibitors on bone resorption and ovariectomy-induced bone loss","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1733","article-title":"Deoxyactein stimulates osteoblast function and inhibits bone-resorbing mediators in MC3T3-E1 cells","volume":"33","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2013.2841","article-title":"Actein Isolated from Black Cohosh Promotes the Function of Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.07.058","article-title":"Salvia miltiorrhiza: An ancient Chinese herbal medicine as a source for anti-osteoporotic drugs","volume":"155","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dragos, D., Gilca, M., Gaman, L., Vlad, A., Iosif, L., Stoian, I., and Lupescu, O. (2017). Phytomedicine in Joint Disorders. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201701.0057.v1"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-016-0810-0","article-title":"Salvia plebeia R.Br. inhibits signal transduction of IL-6 and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss by suppressing osteoclastogenesis","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal Res."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6188","article-title":"Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae improves bone microstructure and strength through Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin and osteoprotegerin\/receptor activator for nuclear factor-\u03baB ligand\/cathepsin K signaling in ovariectomized rats","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2018.1472715","article-title":"The Prevention and Therapy of Osteoporosis: A Review on Emerging Trends from Hormonal Therapy to Synthetic Drugs to Plant-Based Bioactives","volume":"16","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Diet. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5700","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.915170","article-title":"Network Pharmacology-Based Pharmacological Mechanism of the Chinese Medicine Rhizoma drynariae Against Osteoporosis","volume":"25","author":"Gan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, S.-A., Hwang, Y.-H., Kim, T., Lee, A., and Ha, H. (2019). Anti-Osteoporotic and Anti-Adipogenic Effects of the Water Extract of Drynaria roosii Nakaike in Ovariectomized Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24173051"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3692","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15072","article-title":"A polysaccharide from the dried rhizome of Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. prevents ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in rats","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4648","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.35414","article-title":"Loureirin B suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomized osteoporosis via attenuating NFATc1 and ROS activities","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153377","article-title":"Kirenol inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and prevents ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis via suppressing the Ca2+-NFATc1 and Cav-1 signaling pathways","volume":"80","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2017.05.002","article-title":"Oral administration of kaempferol inhibits bone loss in rat model of ovariectomy-induced osteopenia","volume":"69","author":"Nowak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S227738","article-title":"The Osteoprotective Effects of Kaempferol: The Evidence From In Vivo And In Vitro Studies","volume":"13","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.04.048","article-title":"Effect of long-term administration of mangiferin from Belamcanda chinensis on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats","volume":"46","author":"Nowak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_150","first-page":"2517","article-title":"Mangiferin inhibits apoptosis and oxidative stress via BMP2\/Smad-1 signaling in dexamethasone-induced MC3T3-E1 cells","volume":"41","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6752","article-title":"Mangiferin positively regulates osteoblast differentiation and suppresses osteoclast differentiation","volume":"16","author":"Sekiguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, S.K., Chin, K.-Y., and Ima-Nirwana, S. (2020). Quercetin as an Agent for Protecting the Bone: A Review of the Current Evidence. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176448"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/5\/1609\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:59:22Z","timestamp":1760162362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/5\/1609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"references-count":153,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["nu13051609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13051609","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]}}}