{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:09:24Z","timestamp":1791382164452,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009856","name":"L. K. Whittier Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#003457-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#003457-00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MD010358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MD010358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Education of the Basque Government","award":["#EP_2019_1_0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#EP_2019_1_0013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease impacts 15.2% of Hispanic adolescents and can progress to a build-up of scared tissue called liver fibrosis. If diagnosed early, liver fibrosis may be reversible, so it is necessary to understand risk factors. The aims of this study in 59 Hispanic adolescents with obesity were to: (1) identify potential biological predictors of liver fibrosis and dietary components that influence liver fibrosis, and (2) determine if the association between dietary components and liver fibrosis differs by PNPLA3 genotype, which is highly prevalent in Hispanic adolescents and associated with elevated liver fat. We examined liver fat and fibrosis, genotyped for PNPLA3 gene, and assessed diet via 24-h diet recalls. The prevalence of increased fibrosis was 20.9% greater in males, whereas participants with the GG genotype showed 23.7% greater prevalence. Arachidonic acid was associated with liver fibrosis after accounting for sex, genotype, and liver fat (\u03b2 = 0.072, p = 0.033). Intakes of several dietary types of unsaturated fat have different associations with liver fibrosis by PNPLA3 genotype after accounting for sex, caloric intake, and liver fat. These included monounsaturated fat (\u03b2CC\/CG = \u22120.0007, \u03b2GG = 0.03, p-value = 0.004), polyunsaturated fat (\u03b2CC\/CG = \u22120.01, \u03b2GG = 0.02, p-value = 0.01), and omega-6 (\u03b2CC\/CG = \u22120.0102, \u03b2GG = 0.028, p-value = 0.01). Results from this study suggest that reduction of arachidonic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake might be important for the prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression, especially among those with PNPLA3 risk alleles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T22:46:14Z","timestamp":1620859574000},"page":"1621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["PNPLA3 Genotype, Arachidonic Acid Intake, and Unsaturated Fat Intake Influences Liver Fibrosis in Hispanic Youth with Obesity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1637-3517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roshonda B.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lide","family":"Arenaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine F.","family":"Plows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige K.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7751-9543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya L.","family":"Alderete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5699-5164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Fogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5735-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Passant","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1111-9176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darryl","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Sinatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hooman","family":"Allayee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0198-7703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael I.","family":"Goran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6114691","article-title":"Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: Focus on Nutritional Interventions","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, E.L., Howe, L.D., Jones, H.E., Higgins, J.P.T., Lawlor, D.A., and Fraser, A. 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