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This study is devoted to analysing and comparing the metabolic effects of pterostilbene and resveratrol on gut microbiota composition in rats displaying NAFLD induced by a diet rich in saturated fat and fructose. The associations among changes induced by both phenolic compounds in liver status and those induced in gut microbiota composition were also analysed. For this purpose, fifty Wistar rats were distributed in five experimental groups: a group of animals fed a standard diet (CC group) and four additional groups fed a high-fat high-fructose diet alone (HFHF group) or supplemented with 15 or 30 mg\/kg bw\/d of pterostilbene (PT15 and PT30 groups, respectively) or 30 mg\/kg bw\/d of resveratrol (RSV30 group). The dramatic changes induced by high-fat high-fructose feeding in the gut microbiota were poorly ameliorated by pterostilbene or resveratrol. These results suggest that the specific changes in microbiota composition induced by pterostilbene (increased abundances of Akkermansia and Erysipelatoclostridium, and lowered abundance of Clostridum sensu stricto 1) may not entirely explain the putative preventive effects on steatohepatitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T11:45:57Z","timestamp":1621511157000},"page":"1738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Gut Microbiota Induced by Pterostilbene and Resveratrol in High-Fat-High-Fructose Fed Rats: Putative Role in Steatohepatitis Onset"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4312-9720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u00f1aki","family":"Milton-Laskibar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1381-6407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Judith","family":"Marcos-Zambrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6110-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saioa","family":"G\u00f3mez-Zorita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2709-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Quintela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2310-2267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Carrillo de Santa Pau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5218-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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