{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:37:33Z","timestamp":1791873453018,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D has been implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. We designed this study to provide evidence that insulin resistance is dependent on the concentration of vitamin D in the body. Forty observational studies of both type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Related articles were searched from Embase, PubMed, and Medline through January 2021. Filters for search were used to obtain more focused results. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3 for the construction of forest plots. RevMan software version 5.3 was used to build the risk of bias tables and summary plots. The observational studies included in this systematic review and meta-analysis showed an inverse relationship of insulin resistance with the status of vitamin D both in non-diabetic (r = \u22120.188; 95% CI = \u22120.141 to \u22120.234; p = 0.000) and diabetic (r = \u22120.255; 95% CI = \u22120.392 to \u22120.107, p = 0.001) populations. From the meta-analysis we concluded that hypovitaminosis D is related to increased levels of insulin resistance in both type 2 diabetes patients and the healthy population all over the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:01:20Z","timestamp":1621814480000},"page":"1742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Insulin Resistance Is Inversely Associated with the Status of Vitamin D in Both Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Populations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2654-2927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamaila","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8042-7554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per Bendix","family":"Jeppesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05482","article-title":"Mechanisms Linking Obesity to Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"444","author":"Kahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.6.1789","article-title":"Glucose or Insulin, but not Zinc Ions, Inhibit Glucagon Secretion from Mouse Pancreatic Alpha-cells","volume":"54","author":"Ravier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0065-2571(68)90008-3","article-title":"Interrelations between Fatty Acid Oxidation and the Control of Gluconeogenesis in Perfused Rat Liver","volume":"6","author":"Williamson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Adv. 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