{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:12:41Z","timestamp":1793311961501,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]],"date-time":"2021-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008590","name":"STROKE-Riksf\u00f6rbundet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No grant number available"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number available"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Risk factors for ischemic stroke is suggested to differ by etiologic subtypes. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors and atherothrombotic stroke (i.e., excluding cardioembolic stroke), and to examine if the potential benefit of modifiable lifestyle factors differs among subjects with and without predisposing comorbidities. After a median follow-up of 21.2 years, 2339 individuals were diagnosed with atherothrombotic stroke out of 26,547 study participants from the Malm\u00f6 Diet and Cancer study. Using multivariable Cox regression, we examined non-modifiable (demographics and family history of stroke), semi-modifiable comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic disease), and modifiable (smoking, body mass index, diet quality, physical activity, and alcohol intake) risk factors in relation to atherothrombotic stroke. Higher age, male gender, family history of stroke, and low educational level increased the risk of atherothrombotic stroke as did predisposing comorbidities. Non-smoking (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56\u20130.68), high diet quality (HR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.72\u20130.97) and high leisure-time physical activity (HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.80\u20130.98) decreased the risk of atherothrombotic ischemic stroke independent of established risk factors, with non-significant associations with body mass index and alcohol intake. The effect of the lifestyle factors was independent of predisposing comorbidities at baseline. The adverse effects of several cardiovascular risk factors were confirmed in this study of atherothrombotic stroke. Smoking cessation, improving diet quality and increasing physical activity level is likely to lower risk of atherothrombotic stroke in the general population as well as in patient groups at high risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T01:56:40Z","timestamp":1623031000000},"page":"1952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Atherothrombotic Ischemic Stroke among Subjects in the Malm\u00f6 Diet and Cancer Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3009-2431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Johansson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences in Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Jan Waldenstr\u00f6ms gata 35, SE 205 02 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences in Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Jan Waldenstr\u00f6ms gata 35, SE 205 02 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Engstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences in Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Jan Waldenstr\u00f6ms gata 35, SE 205 02 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences in Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Jan Waldenstr\u00f6ms gata 35, SE 205 02 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Vascular Center, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Ruth Lundskogs gata 10, SE-205 02 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wilkins, E., Wilson, L., Wickramasinghe, K., Bhatnagar, P., Leal, J., Luengo-Fernandez, R., Burns, R., Rayner, M., and Townsend, N. 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