{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:06:28Z","timestamp":1790517988993,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malnutrition is a well-known risk factor for deteriorated physical function, disability and loss in independence in older adults. An unintended loss in body weight of more than 5% in 3 months is one indicator for malnutrition. In this study we examined the relationship between meal preparation time, hand grip strength, and body weight in order to map impending nutritional problems using ambient sensors. Data were collected in the domestic environments of 20 (pre-) frail older adults aged 85.75 y (Standard Deviation: 5.19 y) over 10-months of observation. Collecting included physical function and nutritional status of the participants and meal preparation time by a combination of motion and power sensor events. Analysis was done by rank correlation of hand grip strength, body weight, and meal preparation time. Ten participants aged 85.1 years (Standard Deviation: 4.6 y) were included. The results show a significant correlation (\u22650.99) of the meal preparation time with the hand grip strength. This result validated the meal preparation time as a suitable measure for analysing the correlation between meal preparation time and body weight, and a significant correlation (\u22650.99) found. Hence the meal preparation time could be used as an indicator for malnutrition. However, causalities have to be conducted by further clinical studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T22:23:00Z","timestamp":1623104580000},"page":"1955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Detecting Impending Malnutrition of (Pre-) Frail Older Adults in Domestic Smart Home Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3021-5873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Assistance Systems and Medical Device Technology, Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen M.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Geriatric Medicine, Agaplesion Bethanien Krankehaus Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8846-2282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Hein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Assistance Systems and Medical Device Technology, Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9793-3832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Diekmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Assistance Systems and Medical Device Technology, Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982704","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Its assessment, etiology, pathogenesis, consequences and future perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Rolland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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