{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:16:51Z","timestamp":1787897811009,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PAICYT-UANL","award":["SA807-19."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SA807-19."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: DNA methylation is the best epigenetic mechanism for explaining the interactions between nutrients and genes involved in intrauterine growth and development programming. A possible contributor of methylation abnormalities to congenital heart disease is the folate methylation regulatory pathway; however, the mechanisms and methylation patterns of VSD-associated genes are not fully understood. Objective: To determine if maternal dietary intake of folic acid (FA) is related to the methylation status (MS) of VSD-associated genes (AXIN1, MTHFR, TBX1, and TBX20). Methods: Prospective case\u2013control study; 48 mothers and their children were evaluated. The mothers\u2019 dietary variables were collected through a food frequency questionnaire focusing on FA and the consumption of supplements with FA. The MS of promoters of genes was determined in the children. Results: The intake of FA supplements was significantly higher in the control mothers. In terms of maternal folic acid consumption, significant differences were found in the first trimester of pregnancy. Significant differences were observed in the MS of MTHFR and AXIN1 genes in VSD and control children. A correlation between maternal FA supplementation and MS of AXIN1 and TBX20 genes was found in control and VSD children, respectively. Conclusions: A lower MS of AXIN1 genes and a higher MS of TBX20 genes is associated with FA maternal supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T11:20:26Z","timestamp":1623928826000},"page":"2071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Maternal Folic Acid Intake and Methylation Status of Genes Associated with Ventricular Septal Defects in Children: Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8935-8222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra M.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d and Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"},{"name":"International Iberoamerican University of M\u00e9xico, Campeche 24560, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geovana","family":"Calvo-Anguiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d and Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1442-9089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura E.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-de-Villarreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d and Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia R.","family":"Ancer-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d and Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 J.","family":"Lugo-Trampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d and Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donato","family":"Saldivar-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d and Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda D.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Almaguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d and Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"},{"name":"Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5236-2762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Calzada-D\u00e1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d and Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2545-8715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligia S.","family":"Guerrero-Orjuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Faculty, National University of Colombia, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3668-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis D.","family":"Campos-Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario \u201cDr. Jos\u00e9 Eleuterio Gonz\u00e1lez\u201d and Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Monterrey 64460, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S107","article-title":"Review of the magnitude of folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies worldwide","volume":"29","author":"McLean","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Nutr. 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