{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:16:53Z","timestamp":1784204213539,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The association between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome (MS) in severe obesity is unclear and controversial. We analyzed serum and dietary vitamin D and their association with MS in 150 adults with class II and III obesity (BMI \u2265 35 kg\/m2) from the DieTBra Trial (NCT02463435). MS parameters were high fasting blood glucose, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, elevated waist circumference, and hypertension. Vitamin D deficiency was considered as a level &lt; 20 ng\/mL. We performed multivariate Poisson regression adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. The prevalence of serum vitamin D deficiency was 13.3% (mean 29.9 \u00b1 9.4 ng\/mL) and dietary vitamin D median was 51.3 IU\/day. There were no significant associations between vitamin D, serum, and diet and sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, and class of obesity. Serum vitamin D deficiency was associated with age \u2265 50 years (p = 0.034). After a fully adjusted multivariate Poisson regression, MS and its parameters were not associated with serum or dietary vitamin D, except for lower HDL, which was associated with serum vitamin D deficiency (PR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.52\u20130.97; p = 0.029). Severe obese individuals had a low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, which was not associated with MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T22:10:59Z","timestamp":1624399859000},"page":"2138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Serum and Dietary Vitamin D in Individuals with Class II and III Obesity: Prevalence and Association with Metabolic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8839-4520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika Aparecida","family":"Silveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74690-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1246-5572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Kellen de Souza","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74690-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Nutrition Course, Catholic Pontifices University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74605-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia de Almeida Nogueira e","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74690-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Municipal Hospital of Aparecida of Goi\u00e2nia, Aparecida de Goi\u00e2nia 74936-600, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0447-898X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"dos Santos Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74690-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Goias State Health Department, Goi\u00e2nia 74093-250, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4099-4762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engin, A. 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