{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T02:25:50Z","timestamp":1780971950691,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/19107-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/19107-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014908","name":"Instituto Colombiano de Cr\u00e9dito Educativo y Estudios T\u00e9cnicos en el Exterior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Pasaporte a la Ciencia"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Pasaporte a la Ciencia"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014908","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the utilization of milk proteins such as whey protein (WP) and casein as sports nutrition ergogenic aids, the present study investigated the effects of the association of WP and casein in a ratio of 80:20, a similar ratio of human breast milk, on blood branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) profiles, markers of protein metabolism and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), after a single bout of resistance exercise. A double-blind, crossover and acute study was carried out with ten men (age 29 \u00b1 8 years; BMI: 25.4 \u00b1 2.9 kg\/m2; 77 \u00b1 12 kg; 1.74 \u00b1 0.09 m); each one consumed the following supplements randomly, one per session: WP, CAS (casein), WP\/CAS (80% WP\/20% CAS), CAS\/WP (80% CAS\/20% WP) and PLA (placebo). They were also subjected to the following evaluations: the one repetition maximum (1RM) test; resistance training session; blood extraction during each session to determine the BCAA profile; two food records; 3-day evaluation of DOMS (24 h, 48 h and 72 h) and nitrogen balance in each treatment. The intervention resulted in similar nitrogen urinary, creatinine and urea plasma levels and showed a positive nitrogen balance in all the trials. Regarding the BCAAs, the peak occurred at 60 min post-ingestion and remained higher until 120 min for WP, WP\/CAS and CAS\/WP. The DOMS was significantly lower for WP, WP\/CAS and CAS\/WP compared to the CAS and PLA treatments. There were no advantages in the association of WP and CAS in the BCAAs profile when compared to WP itself, but it induced a lower DOMS compared to CAS and PLA (Clinical Trial registration number: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04648384).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T11:28:41Z","timestamp":1624447721000},"page":"2153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Casein and Whey Protein in the Breast Milk Ratio: Could It Promote Protein Metabolism Enhancement in Physically Active Adults?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8314-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan S.","family":"Martinez Galan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo\u2013FCFAR\/UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Giolo De Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Sao Paulo (EEFERP-USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-907, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone C. S.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3330-8007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila F.","family":"Cunha Brandao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Minas Gerais, Divinopolis 35501-170, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara I.","family":"Morhy Terrazas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo\u2013FCFAR\/UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Ferreira","family":"Abud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo\u2013FCFAR\/UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica S. S.","family":"Meirelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Sao Paulo (EEFERP-USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-907, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Sakagute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Sao Paulo (EEFERP-USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-907, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Ueta Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9999-9149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio S.","family":"Marchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5781-5903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan C.","family":"Aristizabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics School, Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7343-2002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Cristini de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo\u2013FCFAR\/UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, University of Sao Paulo (EEFERP-USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-907, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.12.017","article-title":"Milk signalling in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes","volume":"76","author":"Melnik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. 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