{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:45:12Z","timestamp":1790207112032,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIE14\/00045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIE14\/00045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003522","name":"Crohn's and Colitis UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M2017-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M2017-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003522","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Intra-CIBERESP mobility program","award":["ESPF60\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESPF60\/2017"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008700","name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AEP\/93\/06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AEP\/93\/06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diet may influence the development of inflammatory bowel disease through the modulation of inflammation. We investigated whether the inflammatory potential of the diet is associated with the risk of Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain). The study included 32,633 participants aged 29\u201369 years. The inflammatory potential of the diet was measured by using an inflammatory score of the diet (ISD) based on a baseline dietary history questionnaire. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 21 years (674,547 person-years) of follow-up, 32 and 57 participants developed CD and UC, respectively. In multivariable analysis, a one-standard deviation (SD) increment in the ISD (two-unit increase) was associated with a higher risk of CD (HR of 1.71; 95% CI: 1.05\u20132.80; p = 0.031). By contrast, ISD was not associated with UC (HR for one-SD increment of 0.89; 95% CI: 0.66\u20131.19; p = 0.436). Our results suggest that consuming a more pro-inflammatory diet may contribute to the risk of CD, supporting that a healthy diet might be beneficial in its prevention. Further, larger studies are needed to verify these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]],"date-time":"2021-06-27T23:57:22Z","timestamp":1624838242000},"page":"2201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Inflammatory Potential of the Diet and Incidence of Crohn\u2019s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in the EPIC-Spain Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9242-6364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Guevara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Salamanca-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estrella","family":"Miqueleiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Gavrila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Amiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Public Health Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Bonet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology\u2014ICO, and Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, 08908 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9972-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Barranco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), 18011 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9637-3869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Bujanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 20018 San Sebastian, Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, CIBEREHD, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4817-0757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), 18011 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Chirlaque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30008 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Agudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology\u2014ICO, and Nutrition and Cancer Group, Epidemiology, Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Palliative Care Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, 08908 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Ardanaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6396-7265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Castilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60751-X","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: Clinical aspects and established and evolving 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