{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T18:00:54Z","timestamp":1775584854986,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Abiogen Pharma","award":["The study was financially supported by an unrestricted grant from Abiogen Pharma, Pisa 339 Italy."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["The study was financially supported by an unrestricted grant from Abiogen Pharma, Pisa 339 Italy."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Comparative pharmacodynamic (PD) analyses on different dosing schedules for cholecalciferol supplementation are limited. This was an open-label, randomized, parallel-group study involving 75 healthy individuals deficient in vitamin D (baseline 25OHD &lt; 20 ng\/mL) receiving oral cholecalciferol with three different dosing regimens: Group A: 10,000 IU\/day for 8 weeks followed by 1000 IU\/day for 4 weeks; Group B: 50,000 IU\/week for 12 weeks and Group C: 100,000 IU every other week for 12 weeks. Regulators of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, bone turnover markers and Wnt inhibitors were measured at baseline, Day 28, 53, 84, and 112. The 1,25OH2D increased at each time point. The increase was greater (p &lt; 0.05) for group A vs. B and C at Day 28, and vs. group B at Day 56. No significant difference among groups was observed for the other biomarkers. The 24,25OH2D remained stable over time. PTH decreased at Day 84 and FGF-23 increased at all time points. CTX-I and PINP increased slightly at Day 28. BALP decreased from Day 56 onward. Dkk-1 increased from Day 56 onward, while sclerostin did not show significant changes. In healthy individuals deficient in vitamin D, vitamin D supplementation exerted effects on multiple regulators of calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism, without marked differences using the three regimens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T03:19:32Z","timestamp":1625195972000},"page":"2293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pharmacodynamics of Oral Cholecalciferol in Healthy Individuals with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Randomized Open-Label Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Angelo","family":"Fassio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7471-3076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9692-2293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Rossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8082-5023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Benini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Fracassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Bertoldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ombretta","family":"Viapiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Milleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Ricerche Cliniche di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8915-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Adami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.09.014","article-title":"Vitamin D Insufficiency: Definition, Diagnosis and Management","volume":"32","author":"Bouillon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.31","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Guidelines for Vitamin D","volume":"13","author":"Bouillon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2018.09.003","article-title":"The Serum Vitamin D Metabolome: What We Know and What is Still to Discover","volume":"186","author":"Tuckey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4065\/81.3.353","article-title":"High Prevalence of Vitamin D Inadequacy and Implications for Health","volume":"81","author":"Holick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D Deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00126","article-title":"Skeletal and Extra-Skeletal Actions of Vitamin D: Current Evidence and Outstanding Questions","volume":"40","author":"Bouillon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2020.1731452","article-title":"Vitamin D Supplementation: Much Ado about Nothing","volume":"36","author":"Gatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wylon, K., Drozdenko, G., Krannich, A., Heine, G., D\u00f6lle, S., and Worm, M. (2017). Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a Single Intramuscular High Dose versus an Oral Long-Term Supplementation of Cholecalciferol. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169620"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.278","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Daily versus Monthly Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Non-Lactating Women","volume":"68","author":"Meekins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3122","article-title":"Impact of Calcium and Two Doses of Vitamin D on Bone Metabolism in the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"32","author":"Rahme","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.02.024","article-title":"Comparison of the Effect of Daily versus Bolus Dose Maternal Vitamin D3 Supplementation on the 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 to 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Ratio","volume":"110","author":"Ketha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0465-2","article-title":"Efficacy of Different Doses and Time Intervals of Oral Vitamin D Supplementation with or without Calcium in Elderly Nursing Home Residents","volume":"19","author":"Chel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4619","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2653","article-title":"Clinical Review: The Role of the Parent Compound Vitamin D with Respect to Metabolism and Function: Why Clinical Dose Intervals Can Affect Clinical Outcomes","volume":"98","author":"Hollis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1917789","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.17789","article-title":"Vitamin D and Calcium for the Prevention of Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i6583","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6583","article-title":"Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Acute Respiratory Tract Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data","volume":"356","author":"Martineau","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz059","article-title":"Vitamin D Supplementation and Total Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"30","author":"Keum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2025850","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.25850","article-title":"Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplements on Development of Advanced Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the VITAL Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"3","author":"Chandler","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1765","article-title":"D2d Research Group Intratrial Exposure to Vitamin D and New-Onset Diabetes Among Adults with Prediabetes: A Secondary Analysis from the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) Study","volume":"43","author":"Staten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fassio, A., Adami, G., Rossini, M., Giollo, A., Caimmi, C., Bixio, R., Viapiana, O., Milleri, S., Gatti, M., and Gatti, D. (2020). Pharmacokinetics of Oral Cholecalciferol in Healthy Subjects with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Randomized Open-Label Study. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061553"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"DIBASE (2020, May 20). Summary of Product Characteristics. Available online: https:\/\/myhealthbox.eu\/en\/view\/3547718\/0db3d03955074a04c467d1d1a0c5a8b6\/leaflet."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-00725-0","article-title":"The Effect of Vitamin D on Fibroblast Growth Factor 23: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"75","author":"Zittermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/276517a0","article-title":"24, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Is a Metabolite of Vitamin D Essential for Bone Formation","volume":"276","author":"Ornoy","year":"1978","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1241","article-title":"24R,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Promotes the Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"28","author":"Curtis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.11.011","article-title":"The 24,25 to 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Ratio and Fracture Risk in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"107","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1021\/ac902869y","article-title":"Ultrasensitive Quantification of Serum Vitamin D Metabolites Using Selective Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled to Microflow Liquid Chromatography and Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry","volume":"82","author":"Duan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.229971","article-title":"Vitamin D Metabolism Varies among Women in Different Reproductive States Consuming the Same Intakes of Vitamin D and Related Nutrients","volume":"146","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90283-4","article-title":"Metabolites of Vitamin D in Human Vitamin-D Deficiency: Effect of Vitamin D3 or 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol","volume":"2","author":"Papapoulos","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-012-9637-y","article-title":"Dose-Dependent Short-Term Effects of Single High Doses of Oral Vitamin D(3) on Bone Turnover Markers","volume":"91","author":"Rossini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E622","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2448","article-title":"Short-Term Effects on Bone Turnover Markers of a Single High Dose of Oral Vitamin D3","volume":"97","author":"Rossini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.594","article-title":"Annual High-Dose Oral Vitamin D and Falls and Fractures in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"303","author":"Sanders","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgm094","article-title":"The Wnt Antagonist DICKKOPF-1 Gene Is Induced by 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Associated to the Differentiation of Human Colon Cancer Cells","volume":"28","author":"Aguilera","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"2613","article-title":"Vitamin D and Wnt\/Beta-Catenin Pathway in Colon Cancer: Role and Regulation of DICKKOPF Genes","volume":"28","author":"Aguilera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jo, S., Yoon, S., Lee, S.Y., Kim, S.Y., Park, H., Han, J., Choi, S.H., Han, J.-S., Yang, J.-H., and Kim, T.-H. (2020). DKK1 Induced by 1,25D3 Is Required for the Mineralization of Osteoblasts. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010236"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200980","article-title":"Vitamin D Deficiency Promotes Large Rupture-Prone Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms and Cholecalciferol Supplementation Limits Progression of Aneurysms in a Mouse Model","volume":"134","author":"Nsengiyumva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.06.021","article-title":"1\u03b1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Stimulates Human SOST Gene Expression and Sclerostin Secretion","volume":"413","author":"Wijenayaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682763","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/682763","article-title":"Changes in Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and Sclerostin Following a Loading Dose of Vitamin D 2 (300,000 IU)","volume":"2014","author":"Sankaralingam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Osteoporos."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2017.32.4.451","article-title":"Effects of Single Vitamin D\u2083 Injection (200,000 Units) on Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Sclerostin Levels in Subjects with Vitamin D Deficiency","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0862","article-title":"Effect of Supplemental Vitamin D and Calcium on Serum Sclerostin Levels","volume":"170","author":"Harris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1559790","article-title":"Effect of Vitamin D Treatment on Serum Sclerostin Level","volume":"125","author":"Dokmetas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3734-2","article-title":"In Psoriatic Arthritis Dkk-1 and PTH Are Lower than in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Healthy Controls","volume":"36","author":"Fassio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.04.019","article-title":"The Serum Level of Dickkopf-1 in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"59","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00551","article-title":"Wnt Inhibitors and Bone Turnover Markers in Patients With Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Acute Effects of Glucocorticoid Treatment","volume":"7","author":"Fassio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fassio, A., Adami, G., Giollo, A., Viapiana, O., Malavolta, N., Saviola, G., Bortolotti, R., Idolazzi, L., Bertoldo, F., and Rossini, M. (2020). Acute Effects of Glucocorticoid Treatment, TNF\u03b1 or IL-6R Blockade on Bone Turnover Markers and Wnt Inhibitors in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study. Calcif. Tissue Int.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00649-3"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.12.050","article-title":"Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-Alpha) in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Results in Acute Changes of Bone Modulators","volume":"67","author":"Fassio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3770-9","article-title":"Higher Serum Sclerostin Levels and Insufficiency of Vitamin D Are Strongly Associated with Vertebral Fractures in Hemodialysis Patients: A Case Control Study","volume":"28","author":"Atteritano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1681","article-title":"Sclerostin and DKK1 in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Treated with Denosumab","volume":"27","author":"Gatti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.06.037","article-title":"Distinct Effect of Zoledronate and Clodronate on Circulating Levels of DKK1 and Sclerostin in Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis","volume":"67","author":"Gatti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2552","article-title":"The Waning of Teriparatide Effect on Bone Formation Markers in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Is Associated with Increasing Serum Levels of DKK1","volume":"96","author":"Gatti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2017.08.015","article-title":"The Investigation of Interferences in Immunoassay","volume":"50","author":"Ward","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2011.011073","article-title":"Analytical Error and Interference in Immunoassay: Minimizing Risk","volume":"48","author":"Sturgeon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-015-0657-y","article-title":"BMI and Body Fat Mass Is Inversely Associated with Vitamin D Levels in Older Individuals","volume":"19","author":"Ham","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2018.01.002","article-title":"The Discovery and Synthesis of the Nutritional Factor Vitamin D","volume":"23","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Paleopathol."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/7\/2293\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:24:58Z","timestamp":1760163898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/7\/2293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["nu13072293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13072293","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]}}}