{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T07:33:48Z","timestamp":1785396828935,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99 HD098288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99 HD098288"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH093677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH093677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Animal studies have shown that exposure to excess sugar during the prenatal and postnatal periods may alter early brain structure in rat pups. However, evidence in humans is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine associations of maternal total and added sugar intake in pregnancy with early brain tissue organization in infants. Adolescent mothers (n = 41) were recruited during pregnancy and completed 24 h dietary recalls during the second trimester. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed on infants using a 3.0 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanner at 3 weeks. Maps of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were constructed. A multiple linear regression was used to examine voxel-wise associations across the brain. Adjusting for postmenstrual age, sex, birth weight, and total energy intake revealed that maternal total and added sugar consumption were associated inversely and diffusely with infant MD values, not FA values. Inverse associations were distributed throughout all of the cortical mantle, including the posterior periphery (Bs = \u22126.78 to \u22120.57, Ps &lt; 0.001) and frontal lobe (Bs = \u22124.72 to \u22120.77, Ps \u2264 0.002). Our findings suggest that maternal total and added sugar intake during the second trimester are significantly associated with features of brain tissue organization in infants, the foundation for future functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T10:52:58Z","timestamp":1626432778000},"page":"2435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association of Prenatal Sugar Consumption with Newborn Brain Tissue Organization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Paige K.","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Monk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddhant","family":"Sawardekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael I.","family":"Goran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley S.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1604","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2834","article-title":"Increasing caloric contribution from sugar-sweetened beverages and 100% fruit juices among US children and adolescents, 1988\u20132004","volume":"121","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2013.00171.x","article-title":"Calorie-sweetened beverages and fructose: What have we learned 10 years later","volume":"8","author":"Bray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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