{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:18:55Z","timestamp":1777443535420,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Riboflavin, a water-soluble member of the B-vitamin family, plays a vital role in producing energy in mitochondria and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Migraine pathogenesis includes neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, riboflavin is increasingly being recognized for its preventive effects on migraines. However, there is no concrete evidence supporting its use because the link between riboflavin and migraines and the underlying mechanisms remains obscure. This review explored the current experimental and clinical evidence of conditions involved in migraine pathogenesis and discussed the role of riboflavin in inhibiting these conditions. Experimental research has demonstrated elevated levels of various oxidative stress markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines in migraines, and riboflavin\u2019s role in reducing these marker levels. Furthermore, clinical research in migraineurs showed increased marker levels and observed riboflavin\u2019s effectiveness in reducing migraines. These findings suggest that inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with migraine pathogenesis, and riboflavin may have neuroprotective effects through its clinically useful anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties. Riboflavin\u2019s safety and efficacy suggests its usefulness in migraine prophylaxis; however, insufficient evidence necessitates further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T21:21:21Z","timestamp":1627593681000},"page":"2612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Experimental and Clinical Evidence of the Effectiveness of Riboflavin on Migraines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8379-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaku","family":"Yamanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natsumi","family":"Morishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanako","family":"Kanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Takamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9790-9808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Morichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0940-0273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soken","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Oana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suwannasom, N., Kao, I., Pru\u00df, A., Georgieva, R., and B\u00e4umler, H. 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