{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:14:03Z","timestamp":1760235243579,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\u2014Some data suggest favorable effects of a high potassium intake on kidney function. The present population-based study investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal relations of urinary potassium with kidney function. Methods\u2014Study cohort included 2027 Gubbio Study examinees (56.9% women) with age \u2265 18 years at exam-1 and with complete data on selected variables at exam-1 (1983\u20131985), exam-2 (1989\u20131992), and exam-3 (2001\u20132007). Urinary potassium as urinary potassium\/creatinine ratio was measured in daytime spot samples at exam-1 and in overnight timed collections at exam-2. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was measured at all exams. Covariates in analyses included demographics, anthropometry, blood pressure, drug treatments, diabetes, smoking, alcohol intake, and urinary markers of dietary sodium and protein. Results\u2014In multivariable regression, urinary potassium\/creatinine ratio cross-sectionally related to eGFR neither at exam-1 (standardized coefficient and 95%CI = 0.020 and \u22120.059\/0.019) nor at exam-2 (0.024 and \u22120.013\/0.056). Exam-1 urinary potassium\/creatinine ratio related to eGFR change from exam-1 to exam-2 (0.051 and 0.018\/0.084). Exam-2 urinary potassium\/creatinine ratio related to eGFR change from exam-2 to exam-3 (0.048 and 0.005\/0.091). Mean of urinary potassium\/creatinine ratio at exam-1 and exam-2 related to eGFR change from exam-1 to exam-3 (0.056 and 0.027\/0.087) and to incidence of eGFR &lt; 60 mL\/min per 1.73 m2 from exam-1 to exam-3 (odds ratio and 95%CI = 0.78 and 0.61\/0.98). Conclusion\u2014In the population, urinary potassium did not relate cross-sectionally to eGFR but related to eGFR decline over time. Data support the existence of favorable effects of potassium intake on ageing-associated decline in kidney function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T22:40:31Z","timestamp":1628635231000},"page":"2747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Urinary Potassium and Kidney Function Decline in the Population\u2014Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6409-3504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-1194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Bilancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno (SA), 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3111-5241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Cavallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Salerno (SA), 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3437-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Palladino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2366-0944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Zulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno (SA), 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosangela","family":"Veneziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno (SA), 84084 Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martino","family":"Laurenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Studi Epidemiologici di Gubbio (PG), 06024 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group (2013). 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