{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:54:19Z","timestamp":1790096059382,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Steatohepatitis and hepatobiliary manifestations constitute some of the most common extra-intestinal manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). On the other hand, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects around 25% of the world\u2019s population and is attracting ever more attention in liver transplant programs. To outline the specific pathways linking these two conditions is a pressing task for 21st-century researchers. We are accustomed to expecting the occurrence of fatty liver disease in obese people, but current evidence suggests that there are several different pathways also occurring in underweight patients. Genetic factors, inflammatory signals and microbiota are key players that could help in understanding the entire pathogenesis of NAFLD, with the aim of defining the multiple expressions of malnutrition. In the current review, we summarize the most recent literature regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis and future directions for the management of NAFLD in patients affected by IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T05:34:46Z","timestamp":1628832886000},"page":"2772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Other Side of Malnutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2211-6322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Gibiino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale M.Bufalini, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1573-6451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sartini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale M.Bufalini, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8042-6508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Gitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Binda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale M.Bufalini, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Sbrancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale M.Bufalini, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Coluccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale M.Bufalini, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5012-7355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Sambri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale M.Bufalini, AUSL Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of The Liver, and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (2016). 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