{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:00:41Z","timestamp":1787029241973,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Nora Martin Fellowship in Nutritional Sciences","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000064","name":"Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000064","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016977","name":"Peterborough K. 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Hunter Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ontario Graduate Scholarship","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002784","name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013528","name":"Diabetes Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013528","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Portfolio Diet, a plant-based portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods, has been shown to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and other cardiovascular risk factors, in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). It is not known if these beneficial effects translate to a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). To support examinations between Portfolio Diet adherence and disease, a Portfolio Diet score (PDS) was developed and its predictive and concurrent validity was assessed within the Toronto Healthy Diet Study, a six-month RCT in overweight adults. Predictive validity was assessed using change in the PDS measured by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and concomitant change in LDL-C from baseline to six months using multiple linear regression, adjusted for potential confounders (n = 652). Concurrent validity was assessed in a subset of participants (n = 50) who completed the FFQ and a 7-day diet record (7DDR) at baseline. The PDS determined from each diet assessment method was used to derive correlation coefficients and Bland\u2013Altman plots to assess the between-method agreement. The change in PDS was inversely associated with change in LDL-C (\u03b2 coefficients: \u22120.01 mmol\/L (95% confidence intervals (CIs): \u22120.02, \u22120.002; p = 0.02). The correlation between the PDS from the FFQ and 7DDR was 0.69 (95% CIs: 0.48, 0.85). The Bland\u2013Altman plot showed reasonable agreement between the score from the FFQ and 7DDR. These findings indicate predictive validity of the PDS with lower LDL-C, and reasonable concurrent validity of the PDS as assessed by an FFQ against a 7DDR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T09:58:06Z","timestamp":1629367086000},"page":"2850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Development of a Portfolio Diet Score and Its Concurrent and Predictive Validity Assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Glenn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6909-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Kavcic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tauseef","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Paquette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Kendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada"},{"name":"Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1192-9571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada"},{"name":"Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1A6, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Sievenpiper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael\u2019s 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