{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:16:04Z","timestamp":1760235364445,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Reckitt\/Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research\/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Unit programmes: MC_UU_12015\/2 and MC_UU_00006\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unit programmes: MC_UU_12015\/2 and MC_UU_00006\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Growth and nutrition during early life have been strongly linked to future health and metabolic risks. The Cambridge Baby Growth Study (CBGS), a longitudinal birth cohort of 2229 mother\u2013infant pairs, was set up in 2001 to investigate early life determinant factors of infant growth and body composition in the UK setting. To carry out extensive profiling of breastmilk intakes and composition in relation to infancy growth, the Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF) was established upon the original CBGS. The strict inclusion criteria were applied, focusing on a normal birth weight vaginally delivered infant cohort born of healthy and non-obese mothers. Crucially, only infants who were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 weeks of life were retained in the analysed study sample. At each visit from birth, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and then at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, longitudinal anthropometric measurements and blood spot collections were conducted. Infant body composition was assessed using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) at 6 weeks and 3 months of age. Breast milk was collected for macronutrients and human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) measurements. Breast milk intake volume was also estimated, as well as sterile breastmilk and infant stool collection for microbiome study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T21:47:52Z","timestamp":1629668872000},"page":"2879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Extensive Study of Breast Milk and Infant Growth: Protocol of the Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3562-0598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurentya","family":"Olga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6642-9825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clive J.","family":"Petry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9091-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janna A.","family":"van Diepen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6545 CJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippa M.","family":"Prentice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ieuan A.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Vervoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"Boekhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIZO Food Research BV, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6004-2195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Chichlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Affairs, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, IN 47721, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6545 CJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2566-9304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David B.","family":"Dunger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK"},{"name":"Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4689-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken K.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK"},{"name":"Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK"},{"name":"MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv318","article-title":"Cohort profile: The Cambridge Baby Growth Study (CBGS)","volume":"45","author":"Prentice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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