{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:09:05Z","timestamp":1792724945426,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction &amp; Aim: Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTGA) titer is used during the follow-up of celiac patients to evaluate gluten-free diet (GFD) responsiveness. However, no clear data are available on this issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate tTGA significance during celiac disease (CD) monitoring. Methods: From January 2017 to January 2020, consecutive CD patients on a GFD with persistent positive tTGA were enrolled. Antibody titres were evaluated on a yearly basis from CD diagnosis to the last follow-up. Urinary gluten detection tests, duodenal histology and capsule enteroscopy (CE) were performed. A tTGA-positive cohort was compared with a control group composed of 212 treated CD patients with negative tTGA. Results: 65 patients (12% males, median age at enrollment and CD diagnosis, 37 (14\u201386) and 31 (1\u201376), respectively, median follow up 4 (1\u201326) years) presented with positive tTGA during follow-up. Overall, the tTGA titres were 3 (1\u201379) fold increased (ULN). Three different tTGA trends were recognized: (I) 36 (55%) patients with a progressive titres decrease; (II) 16 (25%) patients with a fluctuating behavior; (III) 13 (20%) patients with a steady state or increased titres. tTGA+ patients did not present with different clinical and demographic parameters. Duodenal atrophy was present in 10% vs. 36% of the tTGA positive vs. negative group (p &lt; 0.005), respectively. Gluten detection results were positive in 3 (8%) cases, all in the III group. In tTGA+ patients, CE did not identify any CD-related complications. Conclusions: tTGA positivity during CD follow up did not present a relevant clinical significance without association with autoimmune comorbidities and mucosal damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T08:42:32Z","timestamp":1630399352000},"page":"3057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical Value of Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies in Celiac Patients over a Long Term Follow-Up"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0371-0035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Farina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico\u2014Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leda","family":"Roncoroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico\u2014Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenza","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico\u2014Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Scricciolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico\u2014Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Vecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico\u2014Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Doneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Elli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico\u2014Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619844125","article-title":"European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders","volume":"7","author":"Volta","year":"2019","journal-title":"United Eur. Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. 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