{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:03:44Z","timestamp":1788537824135,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013955","name":"Astellas Pharma, Netherlands","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A1003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A1003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High circulating dephosphorylated (dp) uncarboxylated (uc) matrix Gla protein (MGP) and uc osteocalcin (OC) concentrations are regarded as markers of vitamin K-deficiency. However, because MGP and OC are small molecules, they may potentially pass the glomerulus, and their blood concentrations may strongly depend on kidney function. However, many studies with vitamin K-status parameters do not structurally adjust for baseline kidney function, and detailed studies on kidney function-dependence of vitamin K-status markers are lacking. We therefore measured plasma dp-ucMGP using a chemiluminescent assay in 578 kidney transplant recipients (41% females, age 56 \u00b1 13y, 7.5 (3.2 to 13.7)y after transplantation, eGFR 49 \u00b1 17 mL\/min\/1.73 m2) participating in the prospective TransplantLines Cohort Studies. Additionally, dp-carboxylated MGP, ucOC and carboxylated OC were measured using ELISA in plasma of a subgroup of 60 participants. Finally, dp-ucMGP was measured in a separate cohort of 124 kidney transplant recipients before and three months after kidney transplantation. Dp-ucMGP positively correlated with creatinine, cystatin C, and negatively with eGFR (Spearman\u2019s \u03c1 0.54, 0.60, and \u22120.54, respectively, p &lt; 0.001 for all), and each 10 mL\/min\/1.73 m2 increase in eGFR was associated with a 14.0% lower dp-ucMGP. Additionally, dp-ucMGP strongly declined after kidney transplantation (pretransplantation: 1252 (868 to 1744) pmol\/L to posttransplantation: 609 (451 to 914) pmol\/L, p &lt; 0.001). Proportions of dp-ucMGP over total MGP and ucOC over total OC were not associated with eGFR. This study highlights that dp-ucMGP is strongly associated with kidney function, and that levels strongly decrease after kidney transplantation. We therefore propose adequate adjustment for kidney function, or the use of kidney function-independent parameters such as proportion of uncarboxylated MGP or OC in the assessment of vitamin K-status in clinical practice and research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T21:59:45Z","timestamp":1630447185000},"page":"3069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Kidney Function-Dependence of Vitamin K-Status Parameters: Results from the TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0011-115X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daan","family":"Kremer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dion","family":"Groothof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte A.","family":"Keyzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1602-2752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coby","family":"Eelderink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3246-3192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim J.","family":"Knobbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8645-1627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7145-3240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"van Londen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2484-6233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele F.","family":"Eisenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"TransplantLines Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Groningen Transplant Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7867-6957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon J.","family":"Schurgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan P.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4127-8733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin H.","family":"de Borst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3356-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan J. L.","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s003920170043","article-title":"Role of vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent proteins in vascular calcification","volume":"90","author":"Schurgers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Z. Kardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.001644","article-title":"Vitamin K status and vascular calcification: Evidence from observational and clinical studies","volume":"3","author":"Holden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. 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