{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:32:28Z","timestamp":1792801948670,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":337,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013407","name":"Medela","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["University of Western Australia"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["University of Western Australia"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Researchers have recently called for human lactation research to be conceptualized as a biological framework where maternal and infant factors impacting human milk, in terms of composition, volume and energy content are studied along with relationships to infant growth, development and health. This approach allows for the development of evidence-based interventions that are more likely to support breastfeeding and lactation in pursuit of global breastfeeding goals. Here we summarize the seminal findings of our research programme using a biological systems approach traversing breast anatomy, milk secretion, physiology of milk removal with respect to breastfeeding and expression, milk composition and infant intake, and infant gastric emptying, culminating in the exploration of relationships with infant growth, development of body composition, and health. This approach has allowed the translation of the findings with respect to education, and clinical practice. It also sets a foundation for improved study design for future investigations in human lactation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T21:59:45Z","timestamp":1630447185000},"page":"3071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["25 Years of Research in Human Lactation: From Discovery to Translation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Donna Tracy","family":"Geddes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6841-2958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoya","family":"Gridneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7727-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon Lisa","family":"Perrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon Robert","family":"Mitoulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"},{"name":"Medela, AG, L\u00e4ttichstrasse 4b, 6340 Baar, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline Coral","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa Faye","family":"Stinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9025-4922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching Tat","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Sakalidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4361-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alecia-Jane","family":"Twigger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Edwin","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01044-2","article-title":"Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices?","volume":"387","author":"Rollins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2018). WHO Global Breastfeeding Scorecard, 2018: Enabling Women to Breastfeed through Better Policies and Programmes, WHO."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab075","article-title":"The need to study human milk as a biological system","volume":"113","author":"Christian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13109","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13109","article-title":"Breastfeeding and the origins of health: Interdisciplinary perspectives and priorities","volume":"17","author":"Azad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Cooper, A. (2016, November 23). On the Anatomy of the Breast. Available online: http:\/\/jdc.jefferson.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=cooper."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Cooper, A.P. (1840). The Anatomy of the Breast, Longman, Orme, Green, Brown, and Longman."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2005.00417.x","article-title":"Anatomy of the lactating human breast redefined with ultrasound imaging","volume":"206","author":"Ramsay","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.2.361","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging of milk ejection in the breast of lactating women","volume":"113","author":"Ramsay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/089033449801400209","article-title":"Risk factors for lactation mastitis","volume":"14","author":"Fetherston","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20559","article-title":"Anatomy of the nipple and breast ducts revisited","volume":"101","author":"Love","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-445X.1999.01807.x","article-title":"Breast growth and the urinary excretion of lactose during human pregnancy and early lactation: Endocrine relationships","volume":"84","author":"Cox","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"389","article-title":"Response to review of the breastfeeding atlas","volume":"22","author":"Hoover","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact. Off. J. Int. Lact. Consult. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2010.29.1.95","article-title":"Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of mammary ducts in lactating women: A feasibility study","volume":"29","author":"Gooding","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422408100749","article-title":"Evolution of lactation: Nutrition v. protection with special reference to five mammalian species","volume":"21","author":"McClellan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2017.10.008","article-title":"Physiology of milk secretion","volume":"31","author":"Truchet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(67)90566-2","article-title":"Neurohypophyseal hormone release in the human. II. Experimental study during lactation","volume":"97","author":"Cobo","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2006.1.14","article-title":"Milk flow rates can be used to identify and investigate milk ejection in women expressing breast milk using an electric breast pump","volume":"1","author":"Ramsay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13897","article-title":"Breast shield design impacts milk removal dynamics during pumping: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial","volume":"99","author":"Sakalidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kent, J.C., Ramsay, D.T., Doherty, D., Larsson, M., and Hartmann, P.E. (2003). Response of breasts to different stimulation patterns of an electric breast pump. J. Hum. Lact., 19.","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334403252473"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-4-10","article-title":"Using milk flow rate to investigate milk ejection in the left and right breasts during simultaneous breast expression in women","volume":"4","author":"Prime","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Breastfeed. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334414568120","article-title":"Asynchronous milk ejection in human lactating breast: Case series","volume":"31","author":"Gardner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-019-09426-2","article-title":"Detection of Milk Ejection Using Bioimpedance Spectroscopy in Lactating Women during Milk Expression Using an Electric Breast Pump","volume":"24","author":"Gardner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.286.6361.257","article-title":"Release of oxytocin and prolactin in response to suckling","volume":"286","author":"McNeilly","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2011.0014","article-title":"Comparison of the patterns of milk ejection during repeated breast expression sessions in women","volume":"6","author":"Prime","year":"2011","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardner, H., Kent, J.C., Lai, C.T., Mitoulas, L.R., Cregan, M.D., Hartmann, P.E., and Geddes, D.T. (2015). Milk ejection patterns: An intra-individual comparison of breastfeeding and pumping. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0583-3"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22960","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22960","article-title":"Milk ejection patterns remain consistent during the first and second lactations","volume":"29","author":"Gardner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"351","article-title":"Central pattern generators for orofacial movements and speech","volume":"Volume 19","author":"Brudzynski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Handbook of Mammalian Vocalization"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2007.0028","article-title":"Importance of vacuum for breastmilk expression","volume":"3","author":"Kent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334405280878","article-title":"The use of ultrasound to characterize milk ejection in women using an electric breast pump","volume":"21","author":"Ramsay","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.3.350","article-title":"Suckling pressure in humans: Relationship to oxytocin-reproducing reflex milk ejection","volume":"36","author":"Luther","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boss, M., Gardner, H., and Hartmann, P. (2018). Normal Human Lactation: Closing the gap. F1000Research, 7.","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14452.1"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48358-z","article-title":"Thermal physiology of the lactating nipple influences the removal of human milk","volume":"9","author":"Gardner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-007-9054-4","article-title":"Initiation of human lactation: Secretory differentiation and secretory activation","volume":"12","author":"Pang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"1266","article-title":"Effect of maternal obesity on lactation: Systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Lepe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chapman, D.J., and Perez-Escamilla, R. (1999). Identification of risk factors for delayed onset of lactation. J. Am. Diet Assoc., 99.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(99)00109-1"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12275","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12275","article-title":"Changes in milk composition associated with pethidine-PCEA usage after Caesarean section","volume":"13","author":"Tie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2002.810913.x","article-title":"Initiation of lactation in women after preterm delivery","volume":"81","author":"Cregan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3005S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.11.3005S","article-title":"Physiology and endocrine changes underlying human lactogenesis II","volume":"131","author":"Neville","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.0183","article-title":"Human Milk Biomarkers of Secretory Activation in Breast Pump-Dependent Mothers of Premature Infants","volume":"13","author":"Hoban","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.09.010","article-title":"Mother\u2019s Own Milk Biomarkers Predict Coming to Volume in Pump-Dependent Mothers of Preterm Infants","volume":"228","author":"Hoban","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai, C.T., Gardner, H., and Geddes, D. (2018). Comparison of Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry with an Ion Selective Electrode to Determine Sodium and Potassium Levels in Human Milk. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091218"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2018067","article-title":"Early initiation and regular breast milk expression reduces risk of lactogenesis II delay in at-risk Singaporean mothers in a randomised trial","volume":"60","author":"Fok","year":"2019","journal-title":"Singapore Med. J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2011.64","article-title":"Breast pump suction patterns that mimic the human infant during breastfeeding: Greater milk output in less time spent pumping for breast pump-dependent mothers with premature infants","volume":"32","author":"Meier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2015.152","article-title":"Milk production after preterm, late preterm and term delivery; effects of different breast pump suction patterns","volume":"36","author":"Post","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E93","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000721","article-title":"Estimates of Preterm Infants\u2019 Breastfeeding Transfer Volumes Are Not Reliably Accurate","volume":"20","author":"Perrella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Neonatal Care"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2011.0118","article-title":"Influences on breastfeeding outcomes for healthy term and preterm\/sick infants","volume":"7","author":"Perrella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90177-6","article-title":"New method for measuring milk intakes in breast-fed babies","volume":"2","author":"Coward","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13080","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13080","article-title":"Causes of perception of insufficient milk supply in Western Australian mothers","volume":"17","author":"Kent","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"141","article-title":"Breast-milk intake measurement in mixed-fed infants by administration of deuterium oxide to their mothers","volume":"36","author":"Coward","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hum. Nutr. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"758","article-title":"Measurement of the milk intake of breast-fed infants","volume":"6","author":"Arthur","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2009.0074","article-title":"Measuring milk synthesis in breastfeeding mothers","volume":"5","author":"Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2019.0182","article-title":"Validity of a 3-Hour Breast Milk Expression Protocol in Estimating Current Maternal Milk Production Capacity and Infant Breast Milk Intake in Exclusively Breastfeeding Dyads","volume":"15","author":"Roznowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kent, J.C., Gardner, H., Lai, C.T., Hartmann, P.E., Murray, K., Rea, A., and Geddes, D.T. (2018). Hourly Breast Expression to Estimate the Rate of Synthesis of Milk and Fat. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091144"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2011.01313.x","article-title":"Principles for maintaining or increasing breast milk production","volume":"41","author":"Kent","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal Nurs."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.2.171","article-title":"Breast-feeding frequency during the first 24 h after birth in full-term neonates","volume":"86","author":"Yamauchi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kent, J.C., Gardner, H., and Geddes, D.T. (2016). Breastmilk Production in the First 4 Weeks after Birth of Term Infants. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8120756"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334404272407","article-title":"Comparison of milk output between mothers of preterm and term infants: The first 6 weeks after birth","volume":"21","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e387","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1417","article-title":"Volume and frequency of breastfeedings and fat content of breast milk throughout the day","volume":"117","author":"Kent","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2012.0141","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in breastfeeding patterns from 1 to 6 months of lactation","volume":"8","author":"Kent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2006.0019","article-title":"Comparison of milk output from the right and left breasts during simultaneous pumping in mothers of very low birthweight infants","volume":"2","author":"Engstrom","year":"2007","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002579","article-title":"Variation in fat, lactose and protein in human milk over 24 h and throughout the first year of lactation","volume":"88","author":"Mitoulas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1996.sp003985","article-title":"Blood and milk prolactin and the rate of milk synthesis in women","volume":"81","author":"Cox","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334412448841","article-title":"Variation in fat, lactose, and protein composition in breast milk over 24 h: Associations with infant feeding patterns","volume":"29","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2015.0025","article-title":"Impact of Measuring Milk Production by Test Weighing on Breastfeeding Confidence in Mothers of Term Infants","volume":"10","author":"Kent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-020-00318-4","article-title":"Altered sucking dynamics in a breastfed infant with Down syndrome: A case report","volume":"15","author":"Coentro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Breastfeed. J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamosh, M., and Goldman, A.S. (1986). Relationship of maternal age to breast milk volume and composition. Human Lactation 2: Maternal and Environmental Factors, Plenum Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-7207-7"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.04.015","article-title":"An epigenetic memory of pregnancy in the mouse mammary gland","volume":"11","author":"Dolzhenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1343996","article-title":"Hypoplastic breast anomalies in the female adolescent breast","volume":"27","author":"Winocour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2021.0032","article-title":"Is There an Association Between Breast Hypoplasia and Breastfeeding Outcomes? A Systematic Review","volume":"16","author":"Kam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1166","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00383.2019","article-title":"A common genetic variant in zinc transporter ZnT2 (Thr288Ser) is present in women with low milk volume and alters lysosome function and cell energetics","volume":"318","author":"Rivera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.877","article-title":"Association of nipple piercing with abnormal milk production and breastfeeding","volume":"301","author":"Garbin","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2007.05.004","article-title":"Inside the lactating breast: The latest anatomy research","volume":"52","author":"Geddes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334418776654","article-title":"Do Breast Implants Influence Breastfeeding? A Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies","volume":"34","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kraut, R.Y., Brown, E., Korownyk, C., Katz, L.S., Vandermeer, B., Babenko, O., Gross, M.S., Campbell, S., and Allan, G.M. (2017). The impact of breast reduction surgery on breastfeeding: Systematic review of observational studies. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186591"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1177\/089033449901500202","article-title":"Computerized breast measurement from conception to weaning: Clinical implications","volume":"15","author":"Cregan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pang, W.W., Geddes, D.T., Lai, C.T., Chan, S.Y., Chan, Y.H., Cheong, C.Y., Fok, D., Chua, M.C., Lim, S.B., and Huang, J. (2021). The association of maternal gestational hyperglycemia with breastfeeding duration and markers of milk production. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab142"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2012.750378","article-title":"Risk of early breastfeeding cessation among symmetrical, small for gestational age infants","volume":"40","author":"Verd","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.030254","article-title":"Breastfeeding after cesarean delivery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of world literature","volume":"95","author":"Prior","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12485","article-title":"Red blood cell transfusion after postpartum haemorrhage and breastmilk feeding at discharge: A population-based study","volume":"56","author":"Drayton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chessman, J., Patterson, J., Nippita, T., Drayton, B., and Ford, J. (2018). Haemoglobin concentration following postpartum haemorrhage and the association between blood transfusion and breastfeeding: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Res. Notes, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3800-0"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2006.1.136","article-title":"Relationships between symptoms and changes in breast physiology during lactation mastitis","volume":"1","author":"Fetherston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340500324514","article-title":"Excretion of lactose in urine as a measure of increased permeability of the lactating breast during inflammation","volume":"85","author":"Fetherston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2006.1.127","article-title":"Severity of mastitis symptoms as a predictor of C-reactive protein in milk and blood during lactation","volume":"1","author":"Fetherston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twigger, A.J., Kuffer, G.K., Geddes, D.T., and Filgueria, L. (2018). Expression of Granulisyn, Perforin and Granzymes in Human Milk over Lactation and in the Case of Maternal Infection. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091230"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334420907898","article-title":"Incidence of and Risk Factors for Lactational Mastitis: A Systematic Review","volume":"36","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2008.0115","article-title":"Recurrent blocked duct(s) in a mother with immunoglobulin A deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Fetherston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-4-4","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging of the lactating breast: Methodology and application","volume":"4","author":"Geddes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Breastfeed. J."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.01822.x","article-title":"Pseudoephedrine: Effects on milk production in women and estimation of infant exposure via breastmilk","volume":"56","author":"Aljazaf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03207.x","article-title":"Dose-effect study of domperidone as a galactagogue in preterm mothers with insufficient milk supply, and its transfer into milk","volume":"66","author":"Wan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grzeskowiak, L.E., Wlodek, M.E., and Geddes, D.T. (2019). What Evidence Do We Have for Pharmaceutical Galactagogues in the Treatment of Lactation Insufficiency?\u2014A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11050974"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.72.3.307","article-title":"Effect of frequent breast-feeding on early milk production and infant weight gain","volume":"72","author":"Robertson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/089033402237907","article-title":"Efficacy of breast milk expression using an electric breast pump","volume":"18","author":"Mitoulas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334411418628","article-title":"Effect of warm breastshields on breast milk pumping","volume":"27","author":"Kent","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2011.0139","article-title":"Simultaneous breast expression in breastfeeding women is more efficacious than sequential breast expression","volume":"7","author":"Prime","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2011.0013","article-title":"Dynamics of milk removal during simultaneous breast expression in women","volume":"7","author":"Prime","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F256","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-310898","article-title":"Influence of own mother\u2019s milk on bronchopulmonary dysplasia and costs","volume":"102","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11377.x","article-title":"The relationship between rooming-in\/not rooming-in and breast-feeding variables","volume":"79","author":"Yamauchi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. Scand."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633700","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.633700","article-title":"Promoting and Protecting Human Milk and Breastfeeding in a COVID-19 World","volume":"8","author":"Spatz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-316551","article-title":"Short-term rate of milk synthesis and expression interval of preterm mothers","volume":"105","author":"Lai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01577.x","article-title":"Sucking characteristics of successfully breastfeeding infants with ankyloglossia: A case series","volume":"99","author":"Geddes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e188","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2553","article-title":"Frenulotomy for breastfeeding infants with ankyloglossia: Effect on milk removal and sucking mechanism as imaged by ultrasound","volume":"122","author":"Geddes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1413","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2651","article-title":"Evidence of improved milk intake after frenotomy: A case report","volume":"132","author":"Garbin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.5694\/mja17.00438","article-title":"Frenotomy for tongue-tie in Australian children, 2006\u20132016: An increasing problem","volume":"208","author":"Kapoor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E33","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20150063","article-title":"Temporal trends in ankyloglossia and frenotomy in British Columbia, Canada, 2004\u20132013: A population-based study","volume":"4","author":"Joseph","year":"2016","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14682","article-title":"Complications following frenotomy for ankyloglossia: A 24-month prospective New Zealand Paediatric Surveillance Unit study","volume":"56","author":"Hale","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"517","article-title":"Effectiveness of Milk Transfer Does Not Improve in Breastfed Tongue-Tied Infants Following Frenotomy","volume":"13","author":"Geddes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820978","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1820978","article-title":"Understanding the Lingual Frenulum: Histological Structure, Tissue Composition, and Implications for Tongue Tie Surgery","volume":"2020","author":"Mills","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23410","article-title":"Defining the anatomy of the neonatal lingual frenulum","volume":"32","author":"Mills","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23343","article-title":"What is a tongue tie? Defining the anatomy of the in-situ lingual frenulum","volume":"32","author":"Mills","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2021.29179.ylf","article-title":"Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Position Statement on Ankyloglossia in Breastfeeding Dyads","volume":"16","author":"LeFort","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2017.12.007","article-title":"Practice-based interpretation of ultrasound studies leads the way to more effective clinical support and less pharmaceutical and surgical intervention for breastfeeding infants","volume":"58","author":"Douglas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.02.003","article-title":"Vacuum characteristics of the sucking cycle and relationships with milk removal from the breast in term infants","volume":"96","author":"Cannon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geddes, D.T., Chooi, K., Nancarrow, K., Hepworth, A.R., Gardner, H., and Simmer, K. (2017). Characterisation of sucking dynamics of breastfeeding preterm infants: A cross sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1574-3"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2019.29132.job","article-title":"ABM Clinical Protocol #17: Guidelines for Breastfeeding Infants with Cleft Lip, Cleft Palate, or Cleft Lip and Palate-Revised 2019","volume":"14","author":"Boyce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02823873","article-title":"Manual and pump methods of expression of breast milk","volume":"63","author":"Paul","year":"1996","journal-title":"Indian J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_116","first-page":"433","article-title":"The effect of breastshield size and anatomy on milk removal in women","volume":"26","author":"Prime","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10833","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120910833","article-title":"Persistent Nipple Pain in Breastfeeding Mothers Associated with Abnormal Infant Tongue Movement","volume":"12","author":"McClellan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"259","article-title":"Influence of psychological stress on suckling-induced pulsatile oxytocin release","volume":"84","author":"Ueda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000214993.82214.1c","article-title":"Changes in sucking performance from nonnutritive sucking to nutritive sucking during breast- and bottle-feeding","volume":"59","author":"Mizuno","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6070.1188","article-title":"Changes in breast sensitivity at puberty, during the menstrual cycle, and at parturition","volume":"1","author":"Robinson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-4242-8_32","article-title":"Identification of factors affecting breast pump efficacy","volume":"554","author":"Mitoulas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.1996.487226000.x","article-title":"Studies on cutaneous blood flow in the mammary gland of lactating rats","volume":"158","author":"Eriksson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-6138(86)80041-9","article-title":"The \u2018anatomy\u2019 of infant sucking","volume":"2","author":"Woolridge","year":"1986","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1986.tb03825.x","article-title":"An ultrasonographic study of the organisation of sucking and swallowing by newborn infants","volume":"28","author":"Weber","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14078.x","article-title":"Breastfeeding: Physiological, endocrine and behavioural adaptations caused by oxytocin and local neurogenic activity in the nipple and mammary gland","volume":"85","author":"Eriksson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_126","unstructured":"Disabilities, H.I.O. (1992). Functional Anatomy and Physiology of the Suck\/Swallow\/Breathe Triad. Feeding and Swallowing Disorders in Infancy, Hammill Institute on Disabilities."},{"key":"ref_127","first-page":"48","article-title":"\u201cReal\u201d early orthodontic treatment. From birth to age 8","volume":"20","author":"Page","year":"2003","journal-title":"Funct. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"24","article-title":"Breastfeeding is early functional jaw orthopedics (an introduction)","volume":"18","author":"Page","year":"2001","journal-title":"Funct. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"67","article-title":"Relationship between breastfeeding, bottle-feeding and development of malocclusion","volume":"15","author":"Narbutyte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stomatologija"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb12111.x","article-title":"Co-ordination of tongue movements and peri-oral muscle activities during nutritive sucking","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.12.008","article-title":"Tongue movement and intra-oral vacuum in breastfeeding infants","volume":"84","author":"Geddes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.08.005","article-title":"Validation of nipple diameter and tongue movement measurements with B-mode ultrasound during breastfeeding","volume":"36","author":"McClellan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5230","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319798111","article-title":"Biomechanics of milk extraction during breast-feeding","volume":"111","author":"Elad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.10.012","article-title":"Tongue movement and intra-oral vacuum of term infants during breastfeeding and feeding from an experimental teat that released milk under vacuum only","volume":"88","author":"Geddes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.42.6.943","article-title":"The serial organization of sucking in the young infant","volume":"42","author":"Wolff","year":"1968","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334412474864","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in suck-swallow-breathe, oxygen saturation, and heart rate patterns in term breastfeeding infants","volume":"29","author":"Sakalidis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1982.tb13673.x","article-title":"Milk flow and sucking rates during breast-feeding","volume":"24","author":"Thompson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"74","article-title":"Assessment of infant oral sensorimotor and swallowing function","volume":"11","author":"Rogers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ment. Retard. Disabil. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1990.tb08427.x","article-title":"Development of co-ordination of sucking, swallowing and breathing: Ultrasound study of term and preterm infants","volume":"32","author":"Woolridge","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130769","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/130769","article-title":"Oxygen Saturation and Suck-Swallow-Breathe Coordination of Term Infants during Breastfeeding and Feeding from a Teat Releasing Milk Only with Vacuum","volume":"2012","author":"Sakalidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakalidis, V.S., and Geddes, D.T. (2016). Suck-Swallow-Breathe Dynamics in Breastfed Infants. J. Hum. Lact., 32.","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334416639575"},{"key":"ref_142","unstructured":"Watson-Genna, C. (2017). Supporting Sucking Skills in Breastfeeding Infants, Jones & Bartlett Learning."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334415597903","article-title":"Reliability of Lactation Assessment Tools Applied to Overweight and Obese Women","volume":"32","author":"Chapman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334412451364","article-title":"Reliability and validity of swallows as a measure of breast milk intake in the first days of life","volume":"28","author":"McCoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(45)91611-4","article-title":"Sore nipples; causes and prevention","volume":"2","author":"Gunther","year":"1945","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334412444464","article-title":"Nipple pain during breastfeeding with or without visible trauma","volume":"28","author":"McClellan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00882.x","article-title":"Infants of mothers with persistent nipple pain exert strong sucking vacuums","volume":"97","author":"McClellan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2011.0117","article-title":"Breastfeeding frequency, milk volume, and duration in mother-infant dyads with persistent nipple pain","volume":"7","author":"McClellan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e726","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1295","article-title":"Reasons for earlier than desired cessation of breastfeeding","volume":"131","author":"Odom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12251","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12251","article-title":"Why do mothers use nipple shields and how does this influence duration of exclusive breastfeeding?","volume":"13","author":"Kronborg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2010.0006","article-title":"Health professionals\u2019 attitudes and use of nipple shields for breastfeeding women","volume":"5","author":"Eglash","year":"2010","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med. Off. J. Acad. Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(80)90040-7","article-title":"Effect of a traditional and of a new nipple shield on sucking patterns and milk flow","volume":"4","author":"Woolridge","year":"1980","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1990.tb01661.x","article-title":"The effect of nipple shields on maternal milk volume","volume":"19","author":"Auerbach","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal Nurs."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2006.00028.x","article-title":"A pilot study of maternal and term infant outcomes associated with ultrathin nipple shield use","volume":"35","author":"Chertok","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal Nurs. JOGNN\/NAACOG"},{"key":"ref_155","first-page":"127","article-title":"Nipple pain associated with breastfeeding: Incorporating current neurophysiology into clinical reasoning","volume":"44","author":"Amir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s12078-008-9012-6","article-title":"Merkel Cells in Somatosensation","volume":"1","author":"Haeberle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosens. Percept."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.08.008","article-title":"The gustatory and olfactory systems during infancy: Implications for development of feeding behaviors in the high-risk neonate","volume":"38","author":"Lipchock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13034","article-title":"Imprinting, latchment and displacement: A mini review of early instinctual behaviour in newborn infants influencing breastfeeding success","volume":"105","author":"Mobbs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(75)90044-5","article-title":"The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods","volume":"1","author":"Melzack","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2009.02912.x","article-title":"Reexamination of ultra-thin nipple shield use, infant growth and maternal satisfaction","volume":"18","author":"Chertok","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.12974\/2311-8687.2014.02.01.2","article-title":"Histological characteristics of altered human lingual frenulum","volume":"2","author":"Martinelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1992.sp003584","article-title":"The determination of short-term breast volume changes and the rate of synthesis of human milk using computerized breast measurement","volume":"77","author":"Daly","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meier, P.P., Brown, L.P., Hurst, N.M., Spatz, D.L., Engstrom, J.L., Borucki, L.C., and Krouse, A.M. (2000). Nipple shields for preterm infants: Effect on milk transfer and duration of breastfeeding. J. Hum. Lact., 16.","DOI":"10.1177\/089033440001600205"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geddes, D., Kok, C., Nancarrow, K., Hepworth, A., and Simmer, K. (2018). Preterm Infant Feeding: A Mechanistic Comparison between a Vacuum Triggered Novel Teat and Breastfeeding. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030376"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2015.184","article-title":"Novel feeding system to promote establishment of breastfeeds after preterm birth: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Simmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perrella, S.L., Nancarrow, K., Trevenen, M., Murray, K., Geddes, D.T., and Simmer, K.N. (2019). Effect of vacuum-release teat versus standard teat use on feeding milestones and breastfeeding outcomes in very preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214091"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.04.037","article-title":"Rates and Determinants of Mother\u2019s Own Milk Feeding in Infants Born Very Preterm","volume":"236","author":"Dharel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perrella, S.L., Nancarrow, K., Rea, A., Murray, K., Simmer, K., and Geddes, D.T. (2021). Longitudinal follow-up of preterm breastfeeding to 12 weeks corrected gestational age. Adv. Neonatal Care, in press.","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000925"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2020.151380","article-title":"Human milk composition promotes optimal infant growth, development and health","volume":"45","author":"Perrella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leghi, G.E., Netting, M.J., Middleton, P.F., Wlodek, M.E., Geddes, D.T., and Muhlhausler, A.B.S. (2020). The impact of maternal obesity on human milk macronutrient composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040934"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kugananthan, S., Gridneva, Z., Lai, C.T., Hepworth, A.R., Mark, P.J., Kakulas, F., and Geddes, D.T. (2017). Associations between Maternal Body Composition and Appetite Hormones and Macronutrients in Human Milk. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030252"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kugananthan, S., Lai, C.T., Gridneva, Z., Mark, P.J., Geddes, D.T., and Kakulas, F. (2016). Leptin Levels Are Higher in Whole Compared to Skim Human Milk, Supporting a Cellular Contribution. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8110711"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7736","article-title":"Leptin is present in human milk and is related to maternal plasma leptin concentration and adiposity","volume":"240","author":"Houseknecht","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.155","article-title":"A physiological role of breast milk leptin in body weight control in developing infants","volume":"14","author":"Miralles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Luca, A., Frasquet-Darrieux, M., Gaud, M.A., Christin, P., Boquien, C.Y., Millet, C., Herviou, M., Darmaun, D., Robins, R.J., and Ingrand, P. (2016). Higher Leptin but Not Human Milk Macronutrient Concentration Distinguishes Normal-Weight from Obese Mothers at 1-Month Postpartum. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168568"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gridneva, Z., Kugananthan, S., Rea, A., Lai, C.T., Ward, L.C., Murray, K., Hartmann, P.E., and Geddes, D.T. (2018). Human Milk Adiponectin and Leptin and Infant Body Composition over the First 12 Months of Lactation. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10081125"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.00166","article-title":"Human Milk Glucocorticoid Levels Are Associated with Infant Adiposity and Head Circumference over the First Year of Life","volume":"7","author":"Pundir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(00)00422-6","article-title":"Obesity and cortisol","volume":"16","author":"Bjorntorp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gridneva, Z., Tie, W.J., Rea, A., Lai, C.T., Ward, L.C., Murray, K., Hartmann, P.E., and Geddes, D.T. (2018). Human Milk Casein and Whey Protein and Infant Body Composition over the First 12 Months of Lactation. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091332"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89460-5","article-title":"Daily variation of macronutrient concentrations in mature human milk over 3 weeks","volume":"11","author":"Leghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334412470213","article-title":"Investigation of short-term variations in term breast milk composition during repeated breast expression sessions","volume":"29","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leghi, G.E., Netting, M.J., Lai, C.T., Narayanan, A., Dymock, M., Rea, A., Wlodek, M.E., Geddes, D.T., and Muhlhausler, B.S. (2021). Reduction in Maternal Energy Intake during Lactation Decreased Maternal Body Weight and Concentrations of Leptin, Insulin and Adiponectin in Human Milk without Affecting Milk Production, Milk Macronutrient Composition or Infant Growth. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061892"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gridneva, Z., Rea, A., Tie, W.J., Lai, C.T., Kugananthan, S., Ward, L.C., Murray, K., Hartmann, P.E., and Geddes, D.T. (2019). Carbohydrates in Human Milk and Body Composition of Term Infants during the First 12 Months of Lactation. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071472"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22092","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79022-6","article-title":"Maternal diet alters human milk oligosaccharide composition with implications for the milk metagenome","volume":"10","author":"Seferovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11767","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48337-4","article-title":"Impact of maternal characteristics on human milk oligosaccharide composition over the first 4 months of lactation in a cohort of healthy European mothers","volume":"9","author":"Samuel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy175","article-title":"Human Milk Oligosaccharide Concentrations Are Associated with Multiple Fixed and Modifiable Maternal Characteristics, Environmental Factors, and Feeding Practices","volume":"148","author":"Azad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.139980","article-title":"What\u2019s normal? Oligosaccharide concentrations and profiles in milk produced by healthy women vary geographically","volume":"105","author":"McGuire","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2006.02.002","article-title":"The physiology of gastric emptying","volume":"20","author":"Hellstrom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182a938d7","article-title":"Validation of ultrasound methods to monitor gastric volume changes in preterm infants","volume":"57","author":"Perrella","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gridneva, Z., Kugananthan, S., Hepworth, A.R., Tie, W.J., Lai, C.T., Ward, L.C., Hartmann, P.E., and Geddes, D.T. (2016). Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9010015"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.79","article-title":"The relationship of human milk leptin and macronutrients with gastric emptying in term breastfed infants","volume":"82","author":"Cannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gridneva, Z., Rea, A., Hepworth, A.R., Ward, L.C., Lai, C.T., Hartmann, P.E., and Geddes, D.T. (2018). Relationships between Breastfeeding Patterns and Maternal and Infant Body Composition over the First 12 Months of Lactation. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010045"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665107005691","article-title":"Programming of body composition by early growth and nutrition","volume":"66","author":"Wells","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13041","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13041","article-title":"Assessment of body composition in pediatric overweight and obesity: A systematic review of the reliability and validity of common techniques","volume":"21","author":"Orsso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000397","article-title":"Repeatability of gastric volume measurements and intragastric content using ultrasound in preterm infants","volume":"59","author":"Perrella","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000776","article-title":"Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother\u2019s Own Milk in Preterm Infants","volume":"61","author":"Perrella","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1981.tb05760.x","article-title":"Gastric emptying in infants fed human milk or infant formula","volume":"70","author":"Cavell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. Scand."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F24","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.71.1.F24","article-title":"Gastric emptying in preterm infants","volume":"71","author":"Ewer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0b013e31821ba28e","article-title":"Feeding intolerance: A concept analysis","volume":"11","author":"Moore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Neonatal Care"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F169","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.089490","article-title":"Donor breast milk versus infant formula for preterm infants: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Boyd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000596","article-title":"Influences of breast milk composition on gastric emptying in preterm infants","volume":"60","author":"Perrella","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.292","article-title":"Gastric emptying of different meal volumes of identical composition in preterm infants: A time series analysis","volume":"83","author":"Perrella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70323-3","article-title":"Effect of pasteurization on long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and enzyme activities of human milk","volume":"132","author":"Henderson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328337bbf0","article-title":"Lipid digestion and absorption in early life: An update","volume":"13","author":"Lindquist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R524","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00039.2004","article-title":"Effects of intraduodenal fatty acids on appetite, antropyloroduodenal motility, and plasma CCK and GLP-1 in humans vary with their chain length","volume":"287","author":"Feltrin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.05.028","article-title":"Factors regulating gastric emptying in preterm infants","volume":"149","author":"Ramirez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.1.50","article-title":"Gastric residuals and their relationship to necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants","volume":"113","author":"Cobb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-6946(03)00120-1","article-title":"Casein\u2013whey protein interactions in heated milk: The influence of pH","volume":"13","author":"Vasbinder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Dairy J."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.06.060","article-title":"Free fatty acids have more potent effects on gastric emptying, gut hormones, and appetite than triacylglycerides","volume":"133","author":"Little","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80607-1","article-title":"Effect of caloric density on gastric emptying in premature infants","volume":"104","author":"Siegel","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F333","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315946","article-title":"Milk feed osmolality and adverse events in newborn infants and animals: A systematic review","volume":"104","author":"Ellis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14227.x","article-title":"Gastric emptying in pre-term infants: The effect of breast milk fortifier","volume":"85","author":"Ewer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2013.02.009","article-title":"Effects of prone and supine positioning on gastric residuals in preterm infants: A time series with cross-over study","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-823778","article-title":"Gastric residual in growing preterm infants: Effect of body position","volume":"21","author":"Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/38.5.262","article-title":"Gastric residuals in preterm babies","volume":"38","author":"Malhotra","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Trop. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2012.117","article-title":"The effects of acidification on human milk\u2019s cellular and nutritional content","volume":"33","author":"Erickson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1159\/000350702","article-title":"Assessing early growth and adiposity: Report from an EarlyNutrition Academy workshop","volume":"63","author":"Ward","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2008.12.011","article-title":"Is term newborn body composition being achieved postnatally in preterm infants?","volume":"85","author":"Roggero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182243aa7","article-title":"Body composition changes in preterm infants following hospital discharge: Comparison with term infants","volume":"53","author":"Ramel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e640","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3379","article-title":"Preterm birth and body composition at term equivalent age: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"130","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12893","article-title":"Feasibility study: Assessing the influence of macronutrient intakes on preterm body composition, using air displacement plethysmography","volume":"51","author":"McLeod","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2013.02.007","article-title":"Feasibility of using ultrasound to measure preterm body composition and to assess macronutrient influences on tissue accretion rates","volume":"89","author":"McLeod","year":"2013","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2045","article-title":"Fetal and postnatal growth and body composition at 6 months of age","volume":"94","author":"Ay","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3897","DOI":"10.1021\/pr3004002","article-title":"Temporal changes in milk proteomes reveal developing milk functions","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.2.426S","article-title":"Modulation of the gastrointestinal tract of infants by human milk. Interfaces and interactions. An evolutionary perspective","volume":"130","author":"Goldman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.10.002","article-title":"Human milk composition: Nutrients and bioactive factors","volume":"60","author":"Ballard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demmelmair, H., Prell, C., Timby, N., and Lonnerdal, B. (2017). Benefits of Lactoferrin, Osteopontin and Milk Fat Globule Membranes for Infants. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080817"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2017.0031","article-title":"Different physiological properties of human-residential and non-human-residential bifidobacteria in human health","volume":"9","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-0961-z","article-title":"Human milk immunomodulatory proteins are related to development of infant body composition during the first year of lactation","volume":"89","author":"Gridneva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.02.075","article-title":"Clinical Benefits of Lactoferrin for Infants and Children","volume":"173","author":"Manzoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.02.074","article-title":"Randomized Control Trial of Human Recombinant Lactoferrin: A Substudy Reveals Effects on the Fecal Microbiome of Very Low Birth Weight Infants","volume":"173","author":"Sherman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21117","article-title":"Microbial programming of health and disease starts during fetal life","volume":"105","author":"Koleva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. C Embryo Today"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.156042","article-title":"Excess iron intake as a factor in growth, infections, and development of infants and young children","volume":"106","author":"Lonnerdal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_234","first-page":"784","article-title":"Lysozyme in the feeding of premature infants with mixed pathology","volume":"29","author":"Shcherbakova","year":"1984","journal-title":"Antibiotiki"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000439477","article-title":"Early nutrition as a major determinant of \u2018immune health\u2019: Implications for allergy, obesity and other noncommunicable diseases","volume":"Volume 85","author":"Fewtrell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Preventive Aspects of Early Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9733-9","article-title":"Colostrum of healthy mothers contains broad spectrum of secretory IgA autoantibodies","volume":"32","author":"Pribylova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334414526950","article-title":"Programming of appetite control during breastfeeding as a preventative strategy against the obesity epidemic","volume":"30","author":"Hassiotou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399810666140508121012","article-title":"Leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models: Relevance for human type 2 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rev."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2017.10.001","article-title":"Nutritional programming by glucocorticoids in breast milk: Targets, mechanisms and possible implications","volume":"31","author":"Hollanders","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4924","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030596","article-title":"Body fat distribution and cortisol metabolism in healthy men: Enhanced 5beta-reductase and lower cortisol\/cortisone metabolite ratios in men with fatty liver","volume":"88","author":"Westerbacka","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(97)00191-3","article-title":"Body fat distribution, insulin resistance, and metabolic diseases","volume":"13","author":"Bjorntorp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21682","article-title":"Cortisol in human milk predicts child BMI","volume":"24","author":"Le","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.01.009","article-title":"United States head circumference growth reference charts: Birth to 21 years","volume":"156","author":"Rollins","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.097","article-title":"The development of brain white matter microstructure","volume":"182","author":"Lebel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1159\/000486500","article-title":"Neuroimaging of the Developing Brain and Impact of Nutrition","volume":"89","author":"Deoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nestle Nutr. Inst. Workshop Ser."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00894.x","article-title":"Stressful life events in pregnancy and head circumference at birth","volume":"45","author":"Obel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.115451","article-title":"Associations between human milk oligosaccharides and infant body composition in the first 6 mo of life","volume":"102","author":"Alderete","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7042237","article-title":"The infant gut microbiome: Evidence for obesity risk and dietary intervention","volume":"7","author":"Koleva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa098","article-title":"Human milk composition differs by maternal BMI in the first 9 months postpartum","volume":"112","author":"Sims","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1159\/000367998","article-title":"The study of breast milk IGF-1, leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin levels as possible reasons of high weight gain in breast-fed infants","volume":"65","author":"Kon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.6.1355","article-title":"Infant feeding mode affects early growth and body composition","volume":"106","author":"Butte","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1993.sp003722","article-title":"Degree of breast emptying explains changes in the fat content, but not fatty acid composition, of human milk","volume":"78","author":"Daly","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa246","article-title":"Human Milk Sampling Protocols Affect Estimation of Infant Lipid Intake","volume":"150","author":"George","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.08.114","article-title":"Comparison of gravimetric, creamatocrit and esterified fatty acid methods for determination of total fat content in human milk","volume":"217","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129708","article-title":"Reproducibility of the creamatocrit technique for the measurement of fat content in human milk","volume":"356","author":"Tie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2006.1.79","article-title":"Accuracy of a user-friendly centrifuge for measuring creamatocrits on mothers\u2019 milk in the clinical setting","volume":"1","author":"Meier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldman, A.S., and Chheda, S. (2021). The Immune System in Human Milk: A Historic Perspective. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1159\/000516995"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George, A.D., Gay, M.C.L., Trengove, R.D., and Geddes, D.T. (2018). Human Milk Lipidomics: Current Techniques and Methodologies. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091169"},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66235-y","article-title":"Untargeted lipidomics using liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry reveals novel triacylglycerides in human milk","volume":"10","author":"George","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardner, A.S., Rahman, I.A., Lai, C.T., Hepworth, A., Trengove, N., Hartmann, P.E., and Geddes, D.T. (2017). Changes in Fatty Acid Composition of Human Milk in Response to Cold-Like Symptoms in the Lactating Mother and Infant. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9091034"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George, A.D., Gay, M.C.L., Wlodek, M.E., and Geddes, D.T. (2021). The importance of infants\u2019 lipid intake in human milk research. Nutr. Rev., nuaa141.","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa141"},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2013.1","article-title":"Maternal and infant infections stimulate a rapid leukocyte response in breastmilk","volume":"2","author":"Hassiotou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanchez, C., Franco, L., Regal, P., Lamas, A., Cepeda, A., and Fente, C. (2021). Breast Milk: A Source of Functional Compounds with Potential Application in Nutrition and Therapy. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13031026"},{"key":"ref_264","first-page":"1","article-title":"Establishment of the early-life microbiome: A DOHaD perspective","volume":"201\u2013210","author":"Stinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa029","article-title":"The human milk microbiome: Who, what, when, where, why, and how?","volume":"79","author":"Stinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00164-16","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00164-16","article-title":"Studying Vertical Microbiome Transmission from Mothers to Infants by Strain-Level Metagenomic Profiling","volume":"2","author":"Asnicar","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12238","article-title":"Vertical mother-neonate transfer of maternal gut bacteria via breastfeeding","volume":"16","author":"Jost","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0282-6","article-title":"Maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial communities and bifidophages in infants through vertical transmission","volume":"5","author":"Duranti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7078","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02037-15","article-title":"Exploring Vertical Transmission of Bifidobacteria from Mother to Child","volume":"81","author":"Milani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sindi, A.S., Geddes, D.T., Wlodek, M.E., Muhlhausler, B.S., Payne, M.S., and Stinson, L.F. (2021). Can we modulate the breastfed infant gut microbiota through maternal diet?. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., fuab011.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuab011"},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2015.1048356","article-title":"Milk Derived Antimicrobial Bioactive Peptides: A Review","volume":"19","author":"Mohanty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moossavi, S., Fehr, K., Derakhshani, H., Sbihi, H., Robertson, B., Bode, L., Brook, J., Turvey, S.E., Moraes, T.J., and Becker, A.B. (2020). Human milk fungi: Environmental determinants and inter-kingdom associations with milk bacteria in the CHILD Cohort Study. BMC Microbiol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01829-0"},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3444","article-title":"Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis","volume":"20","author":"Trompette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800100-4.00003-9","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease","volume":"121","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.014","article-title":"Diet, metabolites, and \u201cwestern-lifestyle\u201d inflammatory diseases","volume":"40","author":"Thorburn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7320","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8320","article-title":"Evidence that asthma is a developmental origin disease influenced by maternal diet and bacterial metabolites","volume":"6","author":"Thorburn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01427","article-title":"Human Milk From Atopic Mothers Has Lower Levels of Short Chain Fatty Acids","volume":"11","author":"Stinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh208","article-title":"Breastfeeding and risk of atopic dermatitis, by parental history of allergy, during the first 18 months of life","volume":"160","author":"Benn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13132","article-title":"Breastfeeding and asthma and allergies: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Lodge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy320","article-title":"Human Milk Short-Chain Fatty Acid Composition is Associated with Adiposity Outcomes in Infants","volume":"149","author":"Prentice","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14998","article-title":"Impact of expression mode and timing of sample collection, relative to milk ejection, on human milk bacterial DNA profiles","volume":"131","author":"Cheema","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14780","article-title":"DNA extraction method influences human milk bacterial profiles","volume":"130","author":"Cheema","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79793-y","article-title":"Centrifugation does not remove bacteria from the fat fraction of human milk","volume":"11","author":"Stinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00947","article-title":"Milk Fat Globules Hamper Adhesion of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli to Enterocytes: In Vitro and in Vivo Evidence","volume":"9","author":"Douellou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000452821","article-title":"Human Milk Banking","volume":"69","author":"Haiden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-020-00332-6","article-title":"The effect of donor human milk on the length of hospital stay in very low birthweight infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Breastfeed. J."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13151","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13151","article-title":"A systematic review of economic evaluations for donor human milk versus standard feeding in infants","volume":"17","author":"Zanganeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.07.012","article-title":"Best practice guidelines for the operation of a donor human milk bank in an Australian NICU","volume":"83","author":"Hartmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2020-0388","article-title":"The impact of thermal pasteurization on viral load and detectable live viruses in human milk and other matrices: A rapid review","volume":"46","author":"Pitino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2016.12.011","article-title":"A retrospective audit of bacterial culture results of donated human milk in Perth, Western Australia","volume":"105","author":"Almutawif","year":"2017","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wesolowska, A., Sinkiewicz-Darol, E., Barbarska, O., Bernatowicz-Lojko, U., Borszewska-Kornacka, M.K., and van Goudoever, J.B. (2019). Innovative Techniques of Processing Human Milk to Preserve Key Components. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051169"},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181b4554a","article-title":"Retention of the immunological proteins of pasteurized human milk in relation to pasteurizer design and practice","volume":"66","author":"Czank","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029909990483","article-title":"Simultaneous pasteurization and homogenization of human milk by combining heat and ultrasound: Effect on milk quality","volume":"77","author":"Czank","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Res."},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029912000246","article-title":"Ultrasonication and the quality of human milk: Variation of power and time of exposure","volume":"79","author":"Christen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Res."},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christen, L., Lai, C.T., Hartmann, B., Hartmann, P.E., and Geddes, D.T. (2013). Ultraviolet-C Irradiation: A Novel Pasteurization Method for Donor Human Milk. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068120"},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lloyd, M.L., Hod, N., Jayaraman, J., Marchant, E.A., Christen, L., Chiang, P., Hartmann, P., Shellam, G.R., and Simmer, K. (2016). Inactivation of Cytomegalovirus in Breast Milk Using Ultraviolet-C Irradiation: Opportunities for a New Treatment Option in Breast Milk Banking. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161116"},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christen, L., Lai, C.T., Hartmann, B., Hartmann, P.E., and Geddes, D.T. (2013). The effect of UV-C pasteurization on bacteriostatic properties and immunological proteins of donor human milk. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085867"},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2018.0227","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin Production in Raw and Pasteurized Milk: The Effect of Selected Different Storage Durations and Temperatures","volume":"14","author":"Almutawif","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2018.0217","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin Production in Raw, Holder-Pasteurized, and Ultraviolet-C-Treated Donated Human Milk","volume":"14","author":"Almutawif","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20680","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20680","article-title":"Human milk miRNAs primarily originate from the mammary gland resulting in unique miRNA profiles of fractionated milk","volume":"6","author":"Alsaweed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassiotou, F., Hepworth, A.R., Williams, T.M., Twigger, A.J., Perrella, S., Lai, C.T., Filgueira, L., Geddes, D.T., and Hartmann, P.E. (2013). Breastmilk cell and fat contents respond similarly to removal of breastmilk by the infant. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078232"},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-020-09472-1","article-title":"Morphological Analysis of Human Milk Membrane Enclosed Structures Reveals Diverse Cells and Cell-like Milk Fat Globules","volume":"25","author":"Engelbrecht","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32715-5","article-title":"Transfer and Integration of Breast Milk Stem Cells to the Brain of Suckling Pups","volume":"8","author":"Aydin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-007-0390-x","article-title":"Identification of nestin-positive putative mammary stem cells in human breastmilk","volume":"329","author":"Cregan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.2.14470","article-title":"14-3-3 sigma (sigma) regulates proliferation and differentiation of multipotent p63-positive cells isolated from human breastmilk","volume":"10","author":"Thomas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1188","article-title":"Breastmilk is a novel source of stem cells with multilineage differentiation potential","volume":"30","author":"Hassiotou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4598","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218682110","article-title":"Rare somatic cells from human breast tissue exhibit extensive lineage plasticity","volume":"110","author":"Roy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt229","article-title":"Mammary gland-derived nestin-positive cell populations can be isolated from human male and female donors","volume":"4","author":"Richter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-017-0042-4","article-title":"Cells of human breast milk","volume":"22","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lloyd-Lewis, B., Harris, O.B., Watson, C.J., and Davis, F.M. (2017). Mammary Stem Cells: Premise, Properties, and Perspectives. Trends Cell Biol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2017.04.001"},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watson, C.J. (2021). How should we define mammary stem cells?. Trends Cell Biol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2021.03.012"},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.03.013","article-title":"Mammary gland development from a single cell \u2019omics view","volume":"114","author":"Twigger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04334-1","article-title":"Profiling human breast epithelial cells using single cell RNA sequencing identifies cell diversity","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-020-09466-z","article-title":"Single Cell RNA Sequencing of Human Milk-Derived Cells Reveals Sub-Populations of Mammary Epithelial Cells with Molecular Signatures of Progenitor and Mature States: A Novel, Non-invasive Framework for Investigating Human Lactation Physiology","volume":"25","author":"Trahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twigger, A.-J., Engelbrecht, L.K., Bach, K., Schultz-Pernice, I., Petricca, S., Scheel, C.H., and Khaled, W. (2020). Transcriptional changes in the mammary gland during lactation revealed by single cell sequencing of cells from human milk. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.11.06.371443"},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30526-2","article-title":"COVID-19: The gendered impacts of the outbreak","volume":"395","author":"Wenham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimopoulou, D., Triantafyllidou, P., Daskalaki, A., Syridou, G., and Papaevangelou, V. (2020). Breastfeeding during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: Guidelines and challenges. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med., 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1838481"},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000672","article-title":"Birth and Breastfeeding in the Hospital Setting during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"46","author":"Spatz","year":"2021","journal-title":"MCN Am. J. Matern. Child Nurs."},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2020.0200","article-title":"Social Support During COVID-19: Perspectives of Breastfeeding Mothers","volume":"16","author":"Snyder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.15580","article-title":"Evaluation for SARS-CoV-2 in Breast Milk from 18 Infected Women","volume":"324","author":"Chambers","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.4298","article-title":"Outcomes of Neonates Born to Mothers With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection at a Large Medical Center in New York City","volume":"175","author":"Dumitriu","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31181-8","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human breastmilk","volume":"395","author":"Gross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.027","article-title":"Excretion of SARS-CoV-2 in human breast milk","volume":"26","author":"Costa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_324","first-page":"128","article-title":"Detectable Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Human Breast Milk of a Mildly Symptomatic Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"72","author":"Tam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Liu, C., Dong, L., Zhang, C., Chen, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, C., Duan, C., Zhang, H., and Mol, B.W. (2020). Viral shedding of COVID-19 in pregnant women. SSRN.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3562059"},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Keulen, B.J., Romijn, M., Bondt, A., Dingess, K.A., Kontopodi, E., van der Straten, K., den Boer, M.A., Burger, J.A., Poniman, M., and Bosch, B.J. (2021). Human Milk from Previously COVID-19-Infected Mothers: The Effect of Pasteurization on Specific Antibodies and Neutralization Capacity. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051645"},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03192-20","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03192-20","article-title":"Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, Antibodies, and Neutralizing Capacity in Milk Produced by Women with COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Pace","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101735","article-title":"Robust and Specific Secretory IgA Against SARS-CoV-2 Detected in Human Milk","volume":"23","author":"Fox","year":"2020","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.5782","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies in Breast Milk After COVID-19 Vaccination of Breastfeeding Women","volume":"325","author":"Perl","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gray, K.J., Bordt, E.A., Atyeo, C., Deriso, E., Akinwunmi, B., Young, N., Baez, A.M., Shook, L.L., Cvrk, D., and James, K. (2021). Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine response in pregnant and lactating women: A cohort study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., in press.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.07.21253094"},{"key":"ref_331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakalidis, V.S., Rea, A., Perrella, S.L., McEachran, J., Collis, G., Miraudo, J., Prosser, S.A., Gibson, L.Y., Silva, D., and Geddes, D.T. (2021). Wellbeing of Breastfeeding Women in Australia and New Zealand during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061831"},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13088","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13088","article-title":"Experiences of breastfeeding during COVID-19: Lessons for future practical and emotional support","volume":"17","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"ref_333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13249","article-title":"Psychological impact of COVID-19 quarantine measures in northeastern Italy on mothers in the immediate postpartum period","volume":"150","author":"Zanardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2020.00001","article-title":"Moms Are Not OK: COVID-19 and Maternal Mental Health","volume":"1","author":"Davenport","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Glob. Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref_335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceulemans, M., Verbakel, J.Y., van Calsteren, K., Eerdekens, A., Allegaert, K., and Foulon, V. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Results from an Observational Study in Primary Care in Belgium. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186766"},{"key":"ref_336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12711","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, and knowledge level in postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"57","author":"Guvenc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychiatr. Care"},{"key":"ref_337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579985","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.579985","article-title":"The Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health and Wellbeing in a Representative Sample of Australian Adults","volume":"11","author":"Dawel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/9\/3071\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:53:47Z","timestamp":1760165627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/9\/3071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"references-count":337,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["nu13093071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13093071","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]}}}