{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:24:03Z","timestamp":1790641443078,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD), a disease characterized by an abnormal immune balance and skin barrier function, has increased rapidly in developed countries. This study investigated the anti-atopic effect of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) using NC\/Nga mice induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. LE reduced AD clinical symptoms, including inflammatory cell infiltration, epidermal thickness, ear thickness, and scratching behavior, in the mice. Additionally, LE reduced serum IgE and histamine levels, and restored the T helper (Th) 1\/Th2 immune balance through regulation of the IgG1\/IgG2a ratio. LE also reduced the levels of AD-related cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), thymic stromal lymphopoietin, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, macrophage-derived chemokine, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the serum. Moreover, LE modulated AD-related cytokines and chemokines expressed and secreted by Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 cells in the dorsal skin and splenocytes. Furthermore, LE restored skin barrier function by increasing pro-filaggrin gene expression and levels of skin barrier-related proteins filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, occludin, and zonula occludens-1. These results suggest that LE is a potential therapeutic agent that can alleviate AD by modulating Th1\/Th2 immune balance and restoring skin barrier function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T21:47:11Z","timestamp":1631742431000},"page":"3209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Lithospermum erythrorhizon Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions by Restoring Immune Balance and Skin Barrier Function in 2.4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced NC\/Nga Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jin-Su","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Jun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holistic Bio Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se-Young","family":"Choung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12270","article-title":"New insights into the epidemiology of childhood atopic dermatitis","volume":"69","author":"Flohr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.O-06-458","article-title":"A Novel Atopic Dermatitis Model Induced by Topical Application with Dermatophagoides Farinae Extract in NC\/Nga Mice","volume":"56","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Allergol. 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