{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T08:07:35Z","timestamp":1767514055022,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PN-2017-01-5254)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-2017-01-5254)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is influenced by genetic (e.g., APOE polymorphisms) and environmental factors between the virus and the host. HCV modulates the host\u2019s lipid metabolism but dietary components influence lipids and in vitro HCV RNA replication. Few data exist on the role of dietary features or patterns (DPs) in HCV infection. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the nutritional profiles of chronic HCV (CHC) and spontaneous clearance (SC) Mexican patients in the context of APOE alleles and their correlation with HCV-related variables. The fibrosis-related APOE\u03b53 allele prevailed in CHC and SC patients, who had four DPs (\u201cmeat and soft drinks\u201d, DP1; \u201cprocessed animal and fried foods\u201d, DP2; \u201cMexican-healthy\u201d, DP3; and \u201cfish-rich\u201d, DP4). In CHC subjects, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (PUFA \u2265 4.9%) was negatively associated, and fiber intake (\u226521.5 g\/day) was positively associated with a high viral load (p &lt; 0.036). High adherence to fish-rich DP4 was associated with a higher frequency of CHC individuals consuming PUFA \u2265 4.9% (p = 0.004) and low viral load (p = 0.036), but a lower frequency of CHC individuals consuming fiber \u226521.5 g\/day (p = 0.038). In SC and CHC individuals, modifying unhealthy DPs and targeting HCV-interacting nutrients, respectively, could be part of a nutritional management strategy to prevent further liver damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T00:30:33Z","timestamp":1632443433000},"page":"3337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Adherence to a Fish-Rich Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Showing Low Viral Load: Implications for Nutritional Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9734-558X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Ojeda-Granados","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Hospital #278, Col. El Retiro, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Panduro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Hospital #278, Col. El Retiro, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5129-3307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Gonzalez-Aldaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Hospital #278, Col. El Retiro, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6129-6528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Rivera-I\u00f1iguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Hospital #278, Col. El Retiro, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Campos-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Hospital #278, Col. El Retiro, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7061-6634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Hospital #278, Col. El Retiro, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, July 27). Hepatitis C Fact Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hepatitis-c."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31173","article-title":"Changes in the Global Burden of Chronic Liver Diseases From 2012 to 2017: The Growing Impact of NAFLD","volume":"72","author":"Paik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.312","article-title":"International Consensus Panel MAFLD: A Consensus-Driven Proposed Nomenclature for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"158","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.12.020","article-title":"Viral Genotype-Specific Role of PNPLA3, PPARG, MTTP, and IL28B in Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Steatosis","volume":"55","author":"Cai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i6.1953","article-title":"Hepatitis C Virus Relies on Lipoproteins for Its Life Cycle","volume":"22","author":"Grassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.07.005","article-title":"Hepatitis C Virus Hijacks Host Lipid Metabolism","volume":"21","author":"Syed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02727-13","article-title":"Hepatitis C Virus Stimulates Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Expression to Facilitate Viral Propagation","volume":"88","author":"Syed","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-012-0356-2","article-title":"Lipids and HCV","volume":"35","author":"Bassendine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butt, A.A., Yan, P., Simon, T.G., Chung, R.T., Abou-Samra, A.-B., and ERCHIVES Study Team (2015). Changes in Circulating Lipids Level over Time after Acquiring HCV Infection: Results from ERCHIVES. BMC Infect. Dis., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1268-2"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-1120-6","article-title":"Fatty Acids, Epigenetic Mechanisms and Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review","volume":"18","author":"Milagro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.020","article-title":"Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection","volume":"51","author":"Christ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1159\/000492116","article-title":"High Dietary \u03c9-6:\u03c9-3 PUFA Ratio Is Positively Associated with Excessive Adiposity and Waist Circumference","volume":"11","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes. Facts"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409834102","article-title":"Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication Is Regulated by Host Geranylgeranylation and Fatty Acids","volume":"102","author":"Kapadia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i2.184","article-title":"An Antioxidant Resveratrol Significantly Enhanced Replication of Hepatitis C Virus","volume":"16","author":"Nakamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01426-06","article-title":"Comprehensive Analysis of the Effects of Ordinary Nutrients on Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication in Cell Culture","volume":"51","author":"Yano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gutierrez, J.A., Jones, K.A., Flores, R., Singhania, A., Woelk, C.H., Schooley, R.T., and Wyles, D.L. (2014). Vitamin D Metabolites Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus and Modulate Cellular Gene Expression. J. Virol. Antivir. Res., 3.","DOI":"10.4172\/2324-8955.1000129"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.05.024","article-title":"The Flavonoid Apigenin Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Decreasing Mature MicroRNA122 Levels","volume":"462\u2013463","author":"Shibata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2923","article-title":"Gallic Acid Decreases Hepatitis C Virus Expression through Its Antioxidant Capacity","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.02.018","article-title":"Consumption of N-3 Fatty Acids and Fish Reduces Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"142","author":"Sawada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12327","article-title":"N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Reduces Insulin Resistance in Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"29","author":"Freire","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13094","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E allele frequencies in chronic and self-limited hepatitis C suggest a protective effect of APOE4 in the course of hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"36","author":"Mueller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgeb.2017.10.008","article-title":"Impact of Apo E gene polymorphism on HCV therapy related outcome in a cohort of HCV Egyptian patients","volume":"16","author":"Gomaa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5826","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i38.5826","article-title":"Hepatitis C Virus Clearance and Less Liver Damage in Patients with High Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and APOE \u03954 Allele","volume":"25","author":"Roman","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018000423","article-title":"The Global Nutrition Transition: Trends, Disease Burdens and Policy Interventions","volume":"21","author":"Ronto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Betancourt-Nu\u00f1ez, A., M\u00e1rquez-Sandoval, F., Gonz\u00e1lez-Zapata, L.I., Babio, N., and Vizmanos, B. (2018). Unhealthy dietary patterns among healthcare professionals and students in Mexico. BMC Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6153-7"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cantoral, A., Contreras-Manzano, A., Luna-Villa, L., Batis, C., Rold\u00e1n-Valadez, E.A., Ettinger, A.S., Mercado, A., Peterson, K.E., T\u00e9llez-Rojo, M.M., and Rivera, J.A. (2019). Dietary Sources of Fructose and Its Association with Fatty Liver in Mexican Young Adults. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030522"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roman, S., Rivera-I\u00f1iguez, I., Ojeda-Granados, C., Sepulveda-Villegas, M., and Panduro, A. (2019). Genome-Based Nutrition in Chronic Liver Disease. Dietary Interventions in Liver Disease\u2014Foods, Nutrients, and Dietary Supplements, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814466-4.00001-X"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sepulveda-Villegas, M., Roman, S., Rivera-I\u00f1iguez, I., Ojeda-Granados, C., Gonzalez-Aldaco, K., Torres-Reyes, L.A., Jose-Abrego, A., and Panduro, A. (2019). High Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Abnormal Liver Stiffness in a Young and Obese Mexican Population. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208926"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"140","article-title":"Is dietary glycemic load associated with liver fibrosis in hepatitis C?","volume":"35","author":"Bertani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02159.x","article-title":"The impact of diet on liver fibrosis and on response to interferon therapy in patients with HCV-related chronic hepatitis","volume":"103","author":"Loguercio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moussa, I., Day, R.S., Li, R., Du, X.L., Kaseb, A.O., Jalal, P.K., Daniel-MacDougall, C., Hatia, R.I., Abdelhakeem, A., and Rashid, A. (2021). Dietary Patterns and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk among US Adults. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062011"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the Concentration of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Plasma, without Use of the Preparative Ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2017-0003","article-title":"Early Detection of Liver Damage in Mexican Patients with Chronic Liver Disease","volume":"5","author":"Roman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Transl. Int. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) (2002). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report. Circulation, 106, 3143\u20133421.","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"(2021, May 24). Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-037-SSA2-2012. Para La Prevenci\u00f3n, Tratamiento y Control de Las Dislipidemias. Available online: https:\/\/www.dof.gob.mx\/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5259329&fecha=13\/07\/2012."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-021-00692-7","article-title":"A review of statistical methods for dietary pattern analysis","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Cordero, S., L\u00f3pez-Olmedo, N., Rodr\u00edguez-Ram\u00edrez, S., Barquera-Cervera, S., Rivera-Dommarco, J., and Popkin, B. (2015). Comparing a 7-day diary vs. 24 h-recall for estimating fluid consumption in overweight and obese Mexican women. BMC Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2367-0"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"USDA (2011). USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 24."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez Lizaur, A.B., Palacios Gonz\u00e1lez, B., Castro Becerra, A.L., and Flores Galicia, I. (2011). Sistema Mexicano de Alimentos Equivalentes, Cuadernos de Nutrici\u00f3n (Fomento de Nutrici\u00f3n y Salud, A.C.). [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.21149\/spm.v58i6.7862","article-title":"Validity of a food frequency questionnaire to assess food intake in Mexican adolescent and adult population","volume":"58","year":"2016","journal-title":"Salud Publica M\u00e9xico"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1037\/h0036316","article-title":"When is correlation matrix appropriate for factory analysis? Some decision rules","volume":"81","author":"Dziuban","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2015.1087664","article-title":"Review of Exploratory Factor Analysis Decisions and Overview of Current Practices: What We Are Doing and How Can We Improve?","volume":"32","author":"Howard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200807","article-title":"SPSS and SAS Programs for Determining the Number of Components Using Parallel Analysis and Velicer\u2019s MAP Test","volume":"32","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Osborne, J.W. (2014). Best Practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis, CreateSpace Independent Publishing. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.07.023","article-title":"Diagnostics in Hepatitis C: The End of Response-Guided Therapy?","volume":"65","author":"Maasoumy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(02)90346-9","article-title":"Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, The National Academies Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids","volume":"102","author":"Trumbo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(02)00065-X","article-title":"Hepatitis C Virus Genetic Variability: Pathogenic and Clinical Implications","volume":"7","author":"Pawlotsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i13.3443","article-title":"Immunologic, Metabolic and Genetic Factors in Hepatitis C Virus Infection","volume":"20","author":"Fierro","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2018.12.006","article-title":"Beneficial Role of Bioactive Lipids in the Pathobiology, Prevention, and Management of HBV, HCV and Alcoholic Hepatitis, NAFLD, and Liver Cirrhosis: A Review","volume":"17","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.07.039","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Hepatitis C: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Counteract Lipid Alterations Induced by the Core Protein","volume":"54","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ojeda-Granados, C., Panduro, A., Rivera-I\u00f1iguez, I., Sep\u00falveda-Villegas, M., and Roman, S. (2020). A Regionalized Genome-Based Mexican Diet Improves Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in Subjects at Risk for Obesity-Related Chronic Diseases. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030645"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30269-2","article-title":"Obesity in Mexico: Rapid Epidemiological Transition and Food Industry Interference in Health Policies","volume":"8","author":"Barquera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ojeda-Granados, C., Panduro, A., Gonzalez-Aldaco, K., Sepulveda-Villegas, M., Rivera-I\u00f1iguez, I., and Roman, S. (2017). Tailoring Nutritional Advice for Mexicans Based on Prevalence Profiles of Diet-Related Adaptive Gene Polymorphisms. J. Pers. Med., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm7040016"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665113000013","article-title":"Evaluation of methodologies for assessing the overall diet: Dietary quality scores and dietary pattern analysis","volume":"72","author":"Ocke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25990","article-title":"Elevated Lipogenesis and Diminished Cholesterol Synthesis in Patients with Hepatitis C Viral Infection Compared to Healthy Humans","volume":"57","author":"Lambert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.04.019","article-title":"Anti-HCV Activities of Selective Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids","volume":"318","author":"Leu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1185\/03007999909114089","article-title":"Beneficial Effect of Salmon Roe Phosphatidylcholine in Chronic Liver Disease","volume":"15","author":"Hayashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12316","article-title":"Omega-3 Fatty Acids and\/or Fluvastatin in Hepatitis C Prior Non-Responders to Combination Antiviral Therapy\u2014A Pilot Randomised Clinical Trial","volume":"34","author":"Sheridan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soliman, G.A. (2019). Dietary Fiber, Artherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051155"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199307013290104","article-title":"Effect on Blood Lipids of Very High Intakes of Fiber in Diets Low in Saturated Fat and Cholesterol","volume":"329","author":"Jenkins","year":"1993","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.3390\/v4102251","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus and cellular stress response: Implications to molecular pathogenesis of liver diseases","volume":"4","author":"Ke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2020.02.003","article-title":"How far is Mexico from Viral Hepatitis Global Health Sector Strategy 2030 targets","volume":"19","author":"Panduro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93881-7","article-title":"Comparison of liver biopsies before and after direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C and correlation with clinical outcome","volume":"11","author":"Saldarriaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinaldi, L., Nevola, R., Franci, G., Perrella, A., Corvino, G., Marrone, A., Berretta, M., Morone, M.V., Galdiero, M., and Giordano, M. (2020). Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after HCV Clearance by Direct-Acting Antivirals Treatment Predictive Factors and Role of Epigenetics. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061351"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzz067","article-title":"Associations between Food Consumption Patterns and Chronic Diseases and Self-Reported Morbidities in 6 American Indian Communities","volume":"3","author":"Setiono","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Dev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.434","article-title":"Spanish Mediterranean diet and other dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: Base-control EpiGEICAM study","volume":"111","author":"Buijsse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4172\/1745-7580.10000122","article-title":"Dietary Patterns, Foods, Nutrients and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders","volume":"12","author":"Casas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunome Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Huang, F., Zhang, X., Du, W., Su, C., Ouyang, Y., Li, L., and Bai, J. (2021). Trajectories of Dietary Patterns and Their Associations with Overweight\/Obesity among Chinese Adults: China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991\u20132018. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082835"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2020.100291","article-title":"Mediterranean Diet or Genome-Based Nutrition Diets in Latin America\u2019s Clinical Practice Guidelines for Managing Chronic Liver Diseases?","volume":"20","author":"Roman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/10\/3337\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:04:09Z","timestamp":1760166249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/10\/3337"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["nu13103337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13103337","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-6643"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]}}}