{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:31:46Z","timestamp":1770975106509,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]],"date-time":"2021-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anthropometric indicators of general and abdominal obesity can predict cardiovascular disease outcomes. Their performance in predicting hypertension (HTN) varies across populations. We aimed to analyze the relationship of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and conicity index (CI) with HTN, to examine their predictive performance and to determine their optimal cut-offs in a nationally representative sample of Albanians aged 15\u201359 years (n = 20,635). Logistic regression models were fitted and sex-specific receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed. The indicators were positively associated with HTN. Sex modified the relationships, as associations appeared significantly stronger among females than males in the highest categories of the indicators. The area under ROC curves (AUCs) for BMI were 0.729 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.720\u20130.738) among females and 0.648 (95% CI: 0.633\u20130.663) among males, and AUCs for WHtR were 0.725 (95% CI: 0.716\u20130.734) among females and 0.637 (95% CI: 0.622\u20130.652) among males. However, the AUCs for BMI and WHtR did not differ significantly among females (p = 0.279) and males (p = 0.227). BMI outperformed WC and CI in both sexes. The optimal BMI cut-offs were 27.0 kg\/m2 among females and 25.6 kg\/m2 among males, and that for WHtR were 0.53 among females and 0.54 among males. BMI and WHtR demonstrated similar discriminatory power, and the identified cut-offs may inform initiatives for structured HTN screening in Albania.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T21:40:30Z","timestamp":1632778830000},"page":"3373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Relationship of Anthropometric Indicators of General and Abdominal Obesity with Hypertension and Their Predictive Performance among Albanians: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6005-0884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Redwanul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9364-390X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md","family":"Moinuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Social Care & Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samaha Masroor","family":"Saqib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9441-0590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Moshfiqur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global Burden of 87 Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990\u20132019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17741-1","article-title":"Global Burden of Hypertension: Analysis of Worldwide Data","volume":"365","author":"Kearney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018912","article-title":"Global Disparities of Hypertension Prevalence and Control: A Systematic Analysis of Population-Based Studies From 90 Countries","volume":"134","author":"Mills","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32225-6","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Comparative Risk Assessment of 84 Behavioural, Environmental and Occupational, and Metabolic Risks or Clusters of Risks for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990\u20132017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"Stanaway","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31679-8","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Comparative Risk Assessment of 79 Behavioural, Environmental and Occupational, and Metabolic Risks or Clusters of Risks, 1990\u20132015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"Forouzanfar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12656","article-title":"Body Mass Index, Abdominal Adiposity, Weight Gain and Risk of Developing Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of More than 2.3 Million Participants: Adiposity and Risk of Hypertensione","volume":"19","author":"Jayedi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes. 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