{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T18:36:37Z","timestamp":1782585397782,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The population of patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) worldwide is growing. Since only a few counties provide data from national registries long-term observations are valuable to address this specific area of nutrition support. This study is a nationwide analysis determining the trends in the epidemiology of HPN (prevalence, age distribution, death rates), indications for HPN, causes for hospitalizations, and cost analysis of HPN reimbursement in Poland between 2010\u20132020. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data obtained from the national health fund (NHF) of Poland on adult patients on HPN. Results: The prevalence of adult patients on HPN in Poland in 2020 was 53.26 per million citizens with a 2.99-fold increase and a growing trend observed from 2010. Significant decrease in the percentage of patients between 18\u201334, 45\u201354 and an increase in patients between 65\u201374 and patients over 75 years old was observed. Trend analysis showed an increase in new patients between 65\u201374 and a decrease between 35\u201354. Malnutrition (34.28%), postprocedural disorders of the GI tract (19.61%), intestinal malabsorption\/other intestinal diseases (20.41%) and GI obstruction due to cancer (17.36% as primary and 23.16% as secondary diagnosis) were mostly reported as the primary indications for HPN. Cancer patients were mostly gastric, ovarian and colon cancer (34.74%, 17.83% and 12.3%). HPN and total health cost reimbursement increase was 2.6 and 2.57\u2014fold respectively. Costs of HPN and total health care costs in 2020 per patient were \u20ac 10,015 and \u20ac 16,038, respectively. Overall death risk rate during the first year of nutrition was 0.59 with a significant increase in the observation period p-trend &lt; 0.004. A significant increase in the death rate was observed in patients above 75 years old (estimate 1.629, p-trend &lt; 0.030). Cancer, infection, malnutrition and GI symptoms were the most common indications for hospitalizations of HPN patients. The rate of patients with a maximal length of HPN of 5 months in 2010 was 54.9% and was growing up to 78.1% in 2020. Conclusions: The prevalence of HPN in Poland is growing. Trends of age distribution show increasing numbers of patients with more advanced age and shorter survival. Costs of HPN are comparable with other European data. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:03:42Z","timestamp":1632960222000},"page":"3465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Trend Observations in Home Parenteral Nutrition. Prevalence, Hospitalizations and Costs: Results from a Nationwide Analysis of Health Care Provider Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7301-1689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Folwarski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"},{"name":"Home Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Unit, General Surgery Department, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, 80-803 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"K\u0142\u0119k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Oncology Clinic, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Cancer Institute, 31-501 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5992-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6293-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Wyszomirski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3426-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Brzezi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0853-0685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Skotnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Commodity Science, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.08.017","article-title":"ESPEN endorsed recommendations. 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