{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T20:50:09Z","timestamp":1764363009244,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to gain deeper knowledge about the relationship between vitamin D and physical activity in a sample of forensic inpatients. Sixty-seven male forensic inpatients participated. Participants were randomly assigned into an Intervention group (vitamin D) or a Control group (placebo). The Physical Activity\u2013Rating (PA-R) questionnaire was used to measure physical activity from January to May. Vitamin D status was measured as 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) pre- and post-intervention. The results revealed that vitamin D status at post-test was positively correlated with physical activity, but there was no effect of vitamin D supplementation looking at the two randomized groups. However, controlling for body mass index (BMI), the results showed an effect of BMI and a main effect of groups with a higher level of physical activity in the Intervention group. No interaction effects were found. Participants were also assigned into High and Low vitamin D groups based on the vitamin D status at post-test; i.e., the upper (75.1 nmol\/L) and lower quartile (46.7 nmol\/L). T-tests revealed that participants with a vitamin D status above 75 nmol\/L showed significantly higher levels of physical activity than participants with a vitamin D status below 46.7 nmol\/L. Thus, a vitamin D status above 75 nmol\/L seems to be an optimal level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T21:26:20Z","timestamp":1633728380000},"page":"3510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Vitamin D Status and Physical Activity during Wintertime in Forensic Inpatients\u2014A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Anita L.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Christiesgt. 12, 5015 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2824-7219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina","family":"Ambroziak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sand Ridge Secure Treatment Center (SRSTC), P.O. Box 0700, 1111 North Road, Mauston, WI 53948, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sand Ridge Secure Treatment Center (SRSTC), P.O. Box 0700, 1111 North Road, Mauston, WI 53948, USA"},{"name":"FASTR, LLC 1213 N. Sherman Avenue, Suite 334 Madison, Madison, WI 53704, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Mundt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sand Ridge Secure Treatment Center (SRSTC), P.O. Box 0700, 1111 North Road, Mauston, WI 53948, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sand Ridge Secure Treatment Center (SRSTC), P.O. Box 0700, 1111 North Road, Mauston, WI 53948, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9453-9821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisbeth","family":"Dahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leif","family":"Waage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kattenbraker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sand Ridge Secure Treatment Center (SRSTC), P.O. Box 0700, 1111 North Road, Mauston, WI 53948, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn","family":"Grung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, All\u00e9gaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3920","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v64.3610","article-title":"The effects of diet on levels of physical activity during winter in forensic inpatients\u2014A randomized controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Hansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Nutr. 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