{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:30:05Z","timestamp":1790692205394,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sixth Framework Programme","award":["Contract FOOD-CT-20056007034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract FOOD-CT-20056007034"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AP 2008-03806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP 2008-03806"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The association between high fructose consumption and elevated blood pressure continues to be controversial, especially in adolescence. The aim of this study was to assess the association between fructose consumption and elevated blood pressure in an European adolescent population. Methods: A total of 1733 adolescents (mean \u00b1 SD age: 14.7 \u00b1 1.2; percentage of girls: 52.8%) were analysed from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study in eight European countries. Blood pressure was measured using validated devices and methods for measuring systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Dietary data were recorded via repeated 24 h recalls (using specifically developed HELENA\u2013DIAT software) and converted into pure fructose (monosaccharide form) and total fructose exposure (pure fructose + fructose from sucrose) intake using a specific fructose composition database. Food categories were separated at posteriori in natural vs. were non-natural foods. Elevated BP was defined according to the 90th percentile cut-off values and was compared according to tertiles of fructose intake using univariable and multivariable mixed logistic regression models taking into account confounding factors: centre, sex, age and z-score\u2013BMI, MVPA (Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity) duration, tobacco consumption, salt intake and energy intake. Results: Pure fructose from non-natural foods was only associated with elevated DBP (DBP above the 10th percentile in the highest consuming girls (OR = 2.27 (1.17\u20134.40); p = 0.015) after adjustment for cofounding factors. Conclusions: Consuming high quantities of non-natural foods was associated with elevated DBP in adolescent girls, which was in part due to high fructose levels in these foods categories. The consumption of natural foods containing fructose, such as whole fruits, does not impact blood pressure and should continue to remain a healthy dietary habit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,17]],"date-time":"2021-10-17T23:05:47Z","timestamp":1634511947000},"page":"3608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["High Fructose Intake Contributes to Elevated Diastolic Blood Pressure in Adolescent Girls: Results from The HELENA Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5369-3910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"B\u00e9ghin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286\u2014INFINITE and CIC-1403, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3838-855X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inge","family":"Huybrechts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, F-69000 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Drumez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694\u2014METRICS: \u00c9valuation des Technologies de Sant\u00e9 et des Pratiques M\u00e9dicales, F-59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"CHU Lille, Department of Biostatistics, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Kersting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Child Nutrition, Pediatric University Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan W","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Kafatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Clinic, University of Crete School of Medicine, G-14122 Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3675-7019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denes","family":"Molnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs, H-7600 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6486-114X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannis","family":"Manios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Harakopio, G-10431 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0454-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group Escuela Universitaria de Ciencas de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, S-50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefaan","family":"De Henauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5290-0436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Gottrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286\u2014INFINITE and CIC-1403, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.255","article-title":"Sugar Content of Popular Sweetened Beverages Based on Objective Laboratory Analysis: Focus on Fructose Content","volume":"19","author":"Ventura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-017-0039-0","article-title":"Added sugars and ultra-processed foods in Spanish households (1990\u20132010)","volume":"72","author":"Latasa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. 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