{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T14:27:47Z","timestamp":1785940067082,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOR-2558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOR-2558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC\/TR 296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC\/TR 296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Selenium and iodine are the two central trace elements for the homeostasis of thyroid hormones but additional trace elements such as iron, zinc, and copper are also involved. To compare the primary effects of inadequate intake of selenium and iodine on the thyroid gland, as well as the target organs of thyroid hormones such as liver and kidney, mice were subjected to an eight-week dietary intervention with low versus adequate selenium and iodine supply. Analysis of trace element levels in serum, liver, and kidney demonstrated a successful intervention. Markers of the selenium status were unaffected by the iodine supply. The thyroid gland was able to maintain serum thyroxine levels even under selenium-deficient conditions, despite reduced selenoprotein expression in liver and kidney, including deiodinase type 1. Thyroid hormone target genes responded to the altered selenium and iodine supply, whereas the iron, zinc, and copper homeostasis remained unaffected. There was a notable interaction between thyroid hormones and copper, which requires further clarification. Overall, the effects of an altered selenium and iodine supply were pronounced in thyroid hormone target tissues, but not in the thyroid gland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T21:42:05Z","timestamp":1635198125000},"page":"3773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Nutritional Supply of Iodine and Selenium Affects Thyroid Hormone Axis Related Endpoints in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9978-3871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Lossow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, 07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"German Institute of Human Nutrition, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kostja","family":"Renko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 12277 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0405-6795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9445-1555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lutz","family":"Schomburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, 07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charit\u00e9-University Medical School Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Schwerdtle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, 07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 12277 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3307-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Patricia","family":"Kipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083516","article-title":"Characterization of mammalian selenoproteomes","volume":"300","author":"Kryukov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2014.19.1.8","article-title":"Iodine and thyroid function","volume":"19","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. 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