{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:24:50Z","timestamp":1791390290791,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 106-2314-B-002-180-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2314-B-002-180-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109- 2314-B-002 -114 -MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109- 2314-B-002 -114 -MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sarcopenia, defined as a decline in muscle mass and function related to aging, affects both limb and swallowing-related muscles. Sarcopenic dysphagia is characterized by decreased swallowing function; therefore, early detection of subclinical dysphagia and subsequent intervention appear to be crucial in the elderly. Numerous tools have been employed to measure the function, strength, and mass of swallowing-related muscles in sarcopenic elderly. The swallowing function can be evaluated by questionnaires like Eating Assessment Tool, Functional Oral Intake Scale, and Food Intake Level Scale, and tests such as the modified water swallowing test and videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Surface electromyography and high-resolution manometry can be applied for quantifying swallowing-related muscle strength. Modalities such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are capable of estimating the swallowing muscle mass. In patients with sarcopenic dysphagia, a thorough assessment should be given followed by an integrated intervention combining swallowing muscle strengthening, nutrition support, food texture modification, physical, and occupational therapies. This article aimed to comprehensively summarize the diagnostic criteria\/tools as well as their associations\/performance in sarcopenic dysphagia. The intervention strategy will also be narrated in this review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13114043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T08:10:22Z","timestamp":1636704622000},"page":"4043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Sarcopenic Dysphagia: A Narrative Review from Diagnosis to Intervention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kuan-Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10048, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22000, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Jeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Image, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10048, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3298-4916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyng-Guey","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10048, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7642-8060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Der-Sheng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10048, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levent","family":"\u00d6z\u00e7akar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara 06100, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7558-5651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke-Vin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10048, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Wang-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11600, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","article-title":"Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People","volume":"39","author":"Baeyens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.5.990S","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Origins and clinical relevance","volume":"127","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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