{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T03:27:11Z","timestamp":1787887631841,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ELTE BDPK Excellence Program","award":["12\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Ketone Technologies LLC","award":["010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It has been previously demonstrated that KEKS food containing exogenous ketogenic supplement ketone salt (KS) and ketone ester (KE) decreased the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-generated increase in SWD (spike-wave discharge) number in Wistar Albino Glaxo\/Rijswijk (WAG\/Rij) rats, likely through ketosis. KEKS-supplemented food-generated ketosis may increase adenosine levels, and may thus modulate both neuroinflammatory processes and epileptic activity through adenosine receptors (such as A1Rs and A2ARs). To determine whether these adenosine receptors are able to modify the KEKS food-generated alleviating effect on LPS-evoked increases in SWD number, an antagonist of A1R DPCPX (1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine; 0.2 mg\/kg) with LPS (50 \u00b5g\/kg) and an antagonist of A2AR SCH58261 (7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine; 0.5 mg\/kg) with LPS were co-injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the ninth day of KEKS food administration, and their influence not only on the SWD number, but also on blood glucose, R-beta-hydroxybutyrate (R-\u03b2HB) levels, and body weight were measured. We showed that inhibition of A1Rs abolished the alleviating effect of KEKS food on LPS-generated increases in the SWD number, whereas blocking A2ARs did not significantly modify the KEKS food-generated beneficial effect. Our results suggest that the neuromodulatory benefits of KEKS-supplemented food on absence epileptic activity are mediated primarily through A1R, not A2AR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13114082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T20:46:47Z","timestamp":1637009207000},"page":"4082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Adenosine Receptors Modulate the Exogenous Ketogenic Supplement-Evoked Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Generated Increase in Absence Epileptic Activity in WAG\/Rij Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4449-8755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigitta","family":"Brunner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of P\u00e9cs, Ifj\u00fas\u00e1g Str. 6, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Savaria University Centre, Department of Biology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, K\u00e1rolyi G\u00e1sp\u00e1r t\u00e9r 4, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8677-823X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Csilla","family":"Ari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ketone Technologies LLC, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Behavioral Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic P.","family":"D\u2019Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ketone Technologies LLC, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Ocala, FL 34471, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8571-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsolt","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Savaria University Centre, Department of Biology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, K\u00e1rolyi G\u00e1sp\u00e1r t\u00e9r 4, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(96)00409-1","article-title":"Potential of ketone body esters for parenteral and oral nutrition","volume":"13","author":"Brunengraber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2016.00137","article-title":"Exogenous ketone supplements reduce anxiety-related behavior in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar Albino Glaxo\/Rijswijk rats","volume":"9","author":"Ari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. 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