{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:55:31Z","timestamp":1787961331520,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Malnutrition is a highly prevalent complication in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It is strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes and quality of life. Screening for malnutrition risk is recommended routinely; however, current malnutrition screening tools do not incorporate IBD specific characteristics and may be less adequate for screening these patients. Therefore, we aimed to identify IBD-related risk factors for development of malnutrition. (2) Methods: A retrospective case-control study among IBD patients attending the IBD clinic of the Tel-Aviv Medical Center for \u22652 consecutive physician consultations per year during 2017\u20132020. Cases who had normal nutritional status and developed malnutrition between visits were compared to matched controls who maintained normal nutritional status. Detailed information was gathered from medical files, including: demographics, disease phenotype, characteristics and activity, diet altering symptoms and comorbidities, medical and surgical history, annual healthcare utility, nutritional intake and the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) score. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify malnutrition risk factors. The independent risk factors identified were summed up to calculate the IBD malnutrition risk score (IBD-MR). (3) Results: Data of 1596 IBD patients met the initial criteria for the study. Of these, 59 patients developed malnutrition and were defined as cases (n = 59) and matched to controls (n = 59). The interval between the physician consultations was 6.2 \u00b1 3.0 months, during which cases lost 5.3 \u00b1 2.3 kg of body weight and controls gained 0.2 \u00b1 2.3 kg (p &lt; 0.001). Cases and controls did not differ in demographics, disease duration, disease phenotype or medical history. Independent IBD-related malnutrition risk factors were: 18.5 \u2264 BMI \u2264 22 kg\/m2 (OR = 4.71, 95%CI 1.13\u201319.54), high annual healthcare utility (OR = 5.67, 95%CI 1.02\u201331.30) and endoscopic disease activity (OR = 5.49, 95%CI 1.28\u201323.56). The IBD-MR was positively associated with malnutrition development independently of the MUST score (OR = 7.39, 95%CI 2.60\u201320.94). Among patients with low MUST scores determined during the index visit, identification of \u22652 IBD-MR factors was strongly associated with malnutrition development (OR = 8.65, 95%CI 2.21\u201333.82, p = 0.002). (4) Conclusions: We identified IBD-related risk factors for malnutrition, highlighting the need for a disease-specific malnutrition screening tool, which may increase malnutrition risk detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13114098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T02:42:28Z","timestamp":1637116948000},"page":"4098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Risk Factors for Malnutrition among IBD Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Larisa","family":"Einav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3993-2548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayal","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulia","family":"Ron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel Aviv","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigalit","family":"Lahav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Kornblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronit","family":"Anbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitsan","family":"Maharshak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4849-0291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi","family":"Fliss-Isakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10628","article-title":"Nutrition Considerations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"36","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. 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