{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:46:05Z","timestamp":1790196365181,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K07545, 16K04388, and 19K17098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K07545, 16K04388, and 19K17098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This web-based cross-sectional survey aimed to elucidate the differences between the two core symptoms of night eating syndrome (NES): evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion in the general Japanese population aged 16\u201379 years. Participants who consumed at least 25% of daily calories after dinner were defined as having evening hyperphagia. Those who consumed food after sleep initiation at least twice a week were determined to have nocturnal ingestion. Of the 8348 participants, 119 (1.5%) were categorized in the evening hyperphagia group, 208 (2.6%) in the nocturnal ingestion group, and 8024 in the non-NES group. Participants with evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestion had significantly higher anxiety scores (p &lt; 0.05 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively) and depression (p &lt; 0.001 for both) than those without NES. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that evening hyperphagia was significantly and independently associated with higher body mass index, shorter sleep duration, later sleep-wake schedule, and higher insomnia score, while nocturnal ingestion was significantly and independently associated with younger age, smoking habit, living alone, earlier sleep-wake schedule, and higher insomnia score. Sleep duration and sleep-wake schedule characteristics in the two groups were opposite, suggesting differences in the sleep pathophysiology mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13114179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T23:22:56Z","timestamp":1638314576000},"page":"4179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A Cross-Sectional Study of Evening Hyperphagia and Nocturnal Ingestion: Core Constituents of Night Eating Syndrome with Different Background Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4538-5381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kentaro","family":"Matsui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 1878551, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 1878553, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo 1510053, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0884-1555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoko","family":"Komada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liberal Arts, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 2048588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3494-4328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isa","family":"Okajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo 1738602, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Takaesu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 9030215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0254-4357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenichi","family":"Kuriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 1878553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7414-9017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo 1510053, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 1608402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2007.12.004","article-title":"A descriptive study of non-obese persons with night eating syndrome and a weight-matched comparison group","volume":"9","author":"Lundgren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eat. 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