{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:20:32Z","timestamp":1793060432184,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008375","name":"University of Basel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FO119900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FO119900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018234","name":"University Hospital of Bern","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WFE-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WFE-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018234","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Various nutritional therapies have been proposed in rheumatoid arthritis, particularly diets rich in \u03c9-3 fatty acids, which may lead to eicosanoid reduction. Our aim was to investigate the effect of potentially anti-inflammatory diets (Mediterranean, vegetarian, vegan, ketogenic) on pain. The primary outcome was pain on a 10 cm visual analogue scale. Secondary outcomes were C-reactive protein levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, health assessment questionnaire, disease activity score 28, tender\/swollen joint counts, weight, and body mass index. We searched MEDLINE (OVID), Embase (Elsevier), and CINAHL for studies published from database inception to 12 November 2021. Two authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted study data, and assessed the risk of bias. We performed a meta-analysis with all eligible randomized controlled trials using RevMan 5. We used mean differences or standardized mean differences and the inverse variance method of pooling using a random-effects model. The search retrieved 564 unique publications, of which we included 12 in the systematic review and 7 in the meta-analysis. All studies had a high risk of bias and the evidence was very low. The main conclusion is that anti-inflammatory diets resulted in significantly lower pain than ordinary diets (\u22129.22 mm; 95% CI \u221214.15 to \u22124.29; p = 0.0002; 7 RCTs, 326 participants).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T23:22:56Z","timestamp":1638314576000},"page":"4221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Effect of Anti-Inflammatory Diets on Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2122-4746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja A.","family":"Sch\u00f6nenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Catherine","family":"Sch\u00fcpfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoria L.","family":"Gloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Hasler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Department, University of Basel Medical Faculty, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeno","family":"Stanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Kaegi-Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Medical University Department, University of Basel Medical Faculty, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8799-2708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Reber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18001","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.1","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Smolen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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