{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T17:32:41Z","timestamp":1785000761939,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis is a type of degenerative joint disease that results from the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. Due to their antioxidants and anti-inflammatory action, the phytochemical constituents of many vegetable varieties could represent a new frontier for the treatment of patients with Osteoarthritis and are still being explored. The aim of this pilot human study was to investigate the effects of pasta enriched with hemp seed flour on osteoarticular pain and bone formation markers in patients in post-arthroplasty rehabilitation. Another purpose was to evaluate the effect of hemp seed extract on bone metabolism, in vitro. A pilot, controlled, clinical study was conducted to verify the feasibility of pain symptom reduction in patients with Osteoarthritis undergoing arthroplasty surgery. We also investigated the effect of hemp seed extract on the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin and ERK1\/2 pathways, alkaline phosphatase, RANKL, RUNX-2, osteocalcin, and COL1A on Saos-2. After 6 weeks, the consumption of hemp seed pasta led to greater pain relief compared to the regular pasta control group (\u22122.9 \u00b1 1.3 cm vs. \u22121.3 \u00b1 1.3 cm; p = 0.02). A significant reduction in serum BALP was observed in the participants consuming the hemp seed pasta compared to control group (\u22122.8 \u00b1 3.2 \u00b5g\/L vs. 1.1 \u00b1 4.3 \u00b5g\/L; p = 0.04). In the Saos-2 cell line, hemp seed extract also upregulated Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin and Erk1\/2 pathways (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03) and osteoblast differentiation markers (e.g., ALP, OC, RUNX2, and COL1A) and downregulated RANKL (p = 0.02), compared to the control. Our study demonstrated that hemp seed can improve pain symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis undergoing arthroplasty surgery and also improves bone metabolism both in humans and in vitro. However, more clinical studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T23:22:56Z","timestamp":1638314576000},"page":"4330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Hemp Seeds in Post-Arthroplasty Rehabilitation: A Pilot Clinical Study and an In Vitro Investigation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7644-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Maurotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, University Magna Gr\u00e6cia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0881-4036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario","family":"Mare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Gr\u00e6cia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Pujia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Gr\u00e6cia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7503-6188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvelise","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, University Magna Gr\u00e6cia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3198-7090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Gr\u00e6cia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Gr\u00e6cia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Pujia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Gr\u00e6cia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases (CR METDIS), University Magna Gr\u00e6cia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7048-5830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziana","family":"Montalcini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases (CR METDIS), University Magna Gr\u00e6cia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Gr\u00e6cia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"719","article-title":"Direct medical costs unique to people with arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Gabriel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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