{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:10:39Z","timestamp":1790795439316,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study was conducted to comprehensively assess the association of the concentration of vitamin D in the blood and insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects. The objective was to pool the results from all observational studies from the beginning of 1980 to August 2021. PubMed, Medline and Embase were systematically searched for the observational studies. Filters were used for more focused results. A total of 2248 articles were found after raw search which were narrowed down to 32 articles by the systematic selection of related articles. Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMAIR) was used as the measure of insulin resistance and correlation coefficient was used as a measure of the relationship between vitamin D levels and the insulin resistance. Risk of bias tables and summary plots were built using Revman software version 5.3 while Comprehensive meta-analysis version 3 was used for the construction of forest plot. The results showed an inverse association between the status of vitamin D and insulin resistance (r = \u22120.217; 95% CI = \u22120.161 to \u22120.272; p = 0.000). A supplement of vitamin D can help reduce the risk of insulin resistance; however further studies, like randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T03:10:38Z","timestamp":1638760238000},"page":"4358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Vitamin D Deficiency Is Inversely Associated with Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2654-2927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamaila","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8042-7554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per Bendix","family":"Jeppesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2004.19.2.265","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor expression in human muscle tissue decreases with age","volume":"19","author":"Borchers","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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