{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T02:26:57Z","timestamp":1772764017735,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Aims: A higher frequency of dyslipidemia is reported in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD). Recently, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has been associated with better lipid profiles in patients with T1D. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between treatment modality and lipid profile, metabolic control, and body mass index (BMI)-SDS in children with both T1D and CD. Methods: Cross-sectional study in children registered in the international SWEET database in November 2020. Inclusion criteria were children (2\u201318 years) with T1D and CD with available data on treatment modality (CSII and injections therapy, IT), triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, dyslipidemia, HbA1c, and BMI-SDS. Overweight\/obesity was defined as &gt; +1 BMI-SDS for age. Data were analyzed by linear and logistical regression models with adjustment for age, gender, and diabetes duration. Results: In total 1009 children with T1D and CD (female 54%, CSII 54%, age 13.9 years \u00b13.6, diabetes duration 7.2 years \u00b14.1, HbA1c 7.9% \u00b11.4) were included. Significant differences between children treated with CSII vs. IT were respectively found; HDL 60.0 mg\/dL vs. 57.8 mg\/dL, LDL 89.4 mg\/dL vs. 94.2 mg\/dL, HbA1c 7.7 vs. 8.1%, BMI-SDS 0.4 vs. 0.6, overweight and obesity 17% vs. 26% (all p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: CSII is associated with higher HDL and lower LDL, HbA1c, BMI-SDS, and percentage of overweight and obesity compared with IT in this study. Further prospective studies are required to determine whether CSII improves lipid profile, metabolic control and normalize body weight in children with both T1D and CD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T21:47:36Z","timestamp":1639604856000},"page":"4473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Association between Treatment Modality, Lipid Profile, Metabolic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease\u2014Data from the International Sweet Registry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4356-1070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Marino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1239-3078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Universit\u00e4t Ulm, ZIBMT, Albert-Einstein-Allee 41, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoshana","family":"Tell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0108-5881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nevena","family":"Krnic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine\u2014University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Diabetology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6779-4966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazyna","family":"Deja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children\u2019s Diabetology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1356-2833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinni","family":"Faber Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescents, Randers Region Hospital, 8930 Randers, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Diabetology Department, Protective Association of Diabetics of Portugal (APDP), 1250-189 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sladjana","family":"Todorovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Diabetology, Institute of Maternal and Child Health Care of Serbia \u201cDr Vukan Cupic\u201d, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Jefferies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Diabetology, Auckland District Health Board (ADHB), Auckland 1051, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Sherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, El-Khalifa El-Maamoun, Al Obour, Al Qalyubia Governorate, Cairo 11697, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2899-2016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Martinez Mateu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Buenos Aires, Hospital Garrahan, Buenos Aires C1245 CABA, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Elena Lionetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2011.602443","article-title":"New Clues in Celiac Disease Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment","volume":"30","author":"Lionetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. 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