{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:23:45Z","timestamp":1789424625652,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]],"date-time":"2021-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-110847RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-110847RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Transformaci\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades","award":["P20_01005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20_01005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically predisposed, T cell-mediated and autoimmune-like disorder caused by dietary exposure to the storage proteins of wheat and related cereals. A gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only treatment available for CD. The celiac immune response mediated by CD4+ T-cells can be assessed with a short-term oral gluten challenge. This study aimed to determine whether the consumption of bread made using flour from a low-gluten RNAi wheat line (named E82) can activate the immune response in DQ2.5-positive patients with CD after a blind crossover challenge. The experimental protocol included assessing IFN-\u03b3 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms, and measuring gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in stool samples. The response of PBMCs was not significant to gliadin and the 33-mer peptide after E82 bread consumption. In contrast, PBMCs reacted significantly to Standard bread. This lack of immune response is correlated with the fact that, after E82 bread consumption, stool samples from patients with CD showed very low levels of GIP, and the symptoms were comparable to those of the GFD. This pilot study provides evidence that bread from RNAi E82 flour does not elicit an immune response after a short-term oral challenge and could help manage GFD in patients with CD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T02:50:18Z","timestamp":1639968618000},"page":"4548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Oral Consumption of Bread from an RNAi Wheat Line with Strongly Silenced Gliadins Elicits No Immunogenic Response in a Pilot Study with Celiac Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0032-0058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda H.","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture\u2014Spanish National Research Council (IAS-CSIC), 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9858-6171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture\u2014Spanish National Research Council (IAS-CSIC), 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0040-1053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Mar\u00edn-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture\u2014Spanish National Research Council (IAS-CSIC), 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4982-273X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Comino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9600-8979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Vaquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Le\u00f3n, University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Octavio M.","family":"Rivero-Lezcano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit, University Hospital of Le\u00f3n, University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novapan, S.L., C\/Chopo, 68-70, La Puebla de Alfind\u00e9n, 50171 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9235-9496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Vivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Le\u00f3n, University of Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7652-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Barro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture\u2014Spanish National Research Council (IAS-CSIC), 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/nri885","article-title":"Coeliac disease: Dissecting a complex inflammatory disorder","volume":"2","author":"Sollid","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. 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