{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:23:50Z","timestamp":1776723830913,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development In-stitute funded by the Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HR20C0021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR20C0021"]}]},{"name":"Chonnam National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute","award":["BCRI21025, BCRI21046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCRI21025, BCRI21046"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Weight variability has known as a risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality. However, its effect on end-stage renal disease (ESRD) development remains controversial. We investigated the relationship between weight change and ESRD risk. Overall, 97,029 patients with DM aged &gt;20 years were selected from the Korean National Health Screening Program 2009\u20132012. Weight change was defined as differences in body weight from the index year to 2 years later. Newly diagnosed ESRD was observed until 2017 end. Over a 5.1-year median follow-up period, ESRD was newly diagnosed in 7932 (4.81%) DM patients. BMI &lt; 18.5 kg\/m2 and waist circumferences &lt;85\/80 and &gt;100\/95 cm were ESRD risk factors. ESRD risk increased with increasing weight change; \u226510% weight loss (hazard ratio [HR], 1.247) followed by \u226510% weight gain (1.247) was associated with a higher HR than \u22645% weight change after adjusting for several confounding factors. The association between weight change and ESRD risk in a subgroup analysis was significantly stronger in patients aged &lt;65 years, without proteinuria, with BMI \u2265 25, with DM duration &lt;5 years, and prescribed less than 3 classes of DM medication. Underweight patients showed higher ESRD risks than overweight patients. Weight loss &gt;10% was associated with the fastest decline in renal function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T08:12:15Z","timestamp":1640765535000},"page":"154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Underweight and Weight Change Increases End-Stage Renal Disease Risk in Patients with Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Eun Hui","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3713-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Ryom","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Heon","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun Mi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8191-4071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong Sang","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang Seong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong Kwon","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bongseong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Do","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3540-9004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebongro, Gwangju 61469, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.07.061","article-title":"Clinical implication of serum C-reactive protein in patients with uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis as marker of prolonged hospitalization and recurrence","volume":"73","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamainternmed.85","article-title":"Body mass index in 1.2 million adolescents and risk for end-stage renal disease","volume":"172","author":"Vivante","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. 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