{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:13:37Z","timestamp":1776298417358,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente 2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatic steatosis, often known as fatty liver, is the most common hepatic disease in Western countries. The latest guidelines for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease emphasize lifestyle measures, such as changing unhealthy eating patterns. Using a propensity score-matching approach, this study investigated the effect of adhering to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on fatty liver risk in an older population (\u226565 years) from Southern Italy. We recruited 1.403 subjects (53.6% men, \u226565 years) who completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and underwent clinical assessment between 2015 and 2018. For the assessment of the liver fat content, we applied the Fatty Liver Index (FLI). To evaluate the treatment effect of the MedDiet, propensity score matching was performed on patients with and without FLI &gt; 60. After propensity score-matching with the MedDiet pattern as treatment, we found a higher consumption of red meat (p = 0.04) and wine (p = 0.04) in subjects with FLI &gt; 60. Based on the FLI, the inverse association shown between adherence to the MedDiet and the risk of hepatic steatosis shows that the MedDiet can help to prevent hepatic steatosis. Consuming less red and processed meat, as well as alcoholic beverages, may be part of these healthy lifestyle recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1641769575000},"page":"258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Mediterranean Diet and Fatty Liver Risk in a Population of Overweight Older Italians: A Propensity Score-Matched Case-Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9299-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Lampignano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9140-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Donghia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Sila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4767-5334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Bortone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology 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Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6439-8228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Castellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9885-1185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Zupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5521-2508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Tirelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4183-0487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Giannoccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Application Centre, 70043 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7220-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Panza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 11, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1674-9724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madia","family":"Lozupone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 11, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Mastronardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research 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