{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T14:26:55Z","timestamp":1772893615058,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37AG033906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37AG033906"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OppNet AG0333906 07S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OppNet AG0333906 07S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG054370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG054370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AR062099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AR062099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the University of Florida Clinical and Translational Science Institute","award":["UL1TR000064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000064"]}]},{"name":"the University of Florida Clinical and Translational Science Institute","award":["KL2TR000065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR000065"]}]},{"name":"the University of Alabama at Birmingham Center for Clinical and Translational Science Institute","award":["UL1TR000165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000165"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Elevated inflammatory cytokines and chronic pain are associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a measure of cellular aging. Micronutrients, such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D) and omega 3, have anti-inflammatory properties. Little is known regarding the relationships between vitamin D, omega 6:3 ratio, LTL, inflammation, and chronic pain. We investigate associations between vitamin D, omega 6:3 ratio, LTL, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in people living with\/without chronic pain overall and stratified by chronic pain status. A cross-sectional analysis of 402 individuals (63% women, 79.5% with chronic pain) was completed. Demographic and health information was collected. Chronic pain was assessed as pain experienced for at least three months. LTL was measured in genomic DNA isolated from blood leukocytes, and micronutrients and CRP were measured in serum samples. Data were analyzed with general linear regression. Although an association between the continuous micronutrients and LTL was not observed, a positive association between omega 6:3 ratio and CRP was detected. In individuals with chronic pain, based on clinical categories, significant associations between vitamin D, omega 6:3 ratio, and CRP were observed. Findings highlight the complex relationships between anti-inflammatory micronutrients, inflammation, cellular aging, and chronic pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1641769575000},"page":"266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Associations between Vitamin D, Omega 6:Omega 3 Ratio, and Biomarkers of Aging in Individuals Living with and without Chronic Pain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3659-3701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akemi T.","family":"Wijayabahu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Mickle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Garvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toni L.","family":"Glover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7770-3754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert L.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6577-685X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna K.","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger B.","family":"Fillingim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8313-0024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly T.","family":"Sibille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039","article-title":"The Hallmarks of Aging","volume":"153","author":"Blasco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.01.008","article-title":"Aging-related inflammation in osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Greene","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. 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