{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T06:47:40Z","timestamp":1776926860844,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.82073574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.82073574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.7202009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.7202009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dehydration is common in children for physiological and behavioral reasons. The objective of this study was to assess changes in hydration status and renal impairment across school weekdays. We conducted a longitudinal study of three repeated measures of urinalysis within one week in November 2019 in a child cohort in Beijing, China. We measured urine specific gravity (USG) to determine the dehydration status, and the concentration of \u03b22-microglobulin (\u03b22-MG) and microalbumin (MA) to assess renal function impairment among 1885 children with a mean age of 7.7 years old. The prevalence of dehydration was 61.9%, which was significantly higher in boys (64.3%). Using chi-square tests and linear mixed-effects regression models, we documented the trends of the renal indicators\u2019 change over time among different hydration statuses. Compared to Mondays, there were apparent increases of \u03b22-MG concentrations on Wednesdays (\u03b2 = 0.029, p &lt; 0.001) and Fridays (\u03b2 = 0.035, p &lt; 0.001) in the dehydrated group, but not in the euhydrated group. As for the MA concentrations, only the decrease on Fridays (\u03b2 = \u22121.822, p = 0.01) was significant in the euhydrated group. An increased trend of elevated \u03b22-MG concentration was shown in both the euhydrated group (Z = \u22123.33, p &lt; 0.001) and the dehydrated group (Z = \u22128.82, p &lt; 0.001). By contrast, there was a decreased trend of elevated MA concentrations in the euhydrated group (Z = 3.59, p &lt; 0.001) but not in the dehydrated group. A new indicator ratio, \u03b22-MG\/MA, validated the consistent trends of renal function impairment in children with dehydration. Renal impairment trends worsened as a function of school days during the week and the dehydration status aggravated renal impairment during childhood across school weekdays, especially tubular abnormalities in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T03:14:03Z","timestamp":1642130043000},"page":"335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dehydration Status Aggravates Early Renal Impairment in Children: A Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6750-4858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nubiya","family":"Amaerjiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0033-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menglong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huidi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiawulan","family":"Zunong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dayong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7289-8698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sten H.","family":"Vermund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9416-8039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"P\u00e9rez-Escamilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4611-2206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1869-9","article-title":"Water intake and hydration state in children","volume":"58","author":"Suh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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