{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T21:10:32Z","timestamp":1782681032589,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Fund for Scientific, Technology and Technological Innovation Development (FOND-ECYT)","award":["137-2017-FONDECYT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["137-2017-FONDECYT"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Different cocoa populations have demonstrated a protective role in a rat model of allergic asthma by attenuating the immunoglobulin (Ig) E synthesis and partially protecting against anaphylactic response. The aim of this study was to ascertain the effect of diets containing two native Peruvian cocoa populations (\u201cAmazonas Peru\u201d or APC, and \u201cCriollo de Monta\u00f1a\u201d or CMC) and an ordinary cocoa (OC) on the bronchial compartment and the systemic and mucosal immune system in the same rat model of allergic asthma. Among other variables, cells and IgA content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum anti-allergen antibody response were analyzed. The three cocoa populations prevented the increase of the serum specific IgG1 (T helper 2 isotype). The three cocoa diets decreased asthma-induced granulocyte increase in the BALF, which was mainly due to the reduction in the proportion of eosinophils. Moreover, both the OC and CMC diets were able to prevent the leukocyte infiltration caused by asthma induction in both the trachea and nasal cavity and decreased the IgA in both fecal and BALF samples. Overall, these results highlight the potential of different cocoa populations in the prevention of allergic asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T22:46:32Z","timestamp":1642545992000},"page":"410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Influence of Consumption of Two Peruvian Cocoa Populations on Mucosal and Systemic Immune Response in an Allergic Asthma Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6257-5457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"P\u00e9riz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3 de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca en Nutrici\u00f3 i Seguretat Aliment\u00e0ria (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7870-8250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Lagunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3 de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca en Nutrici\u00f3 i Seguretat Aliment\u00e0ria (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6243-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3 de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca en Nutrici\u00f3 i Seguretat Aliment\u00e0ria (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6009-6575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Cacao, Ingenier\u00eda Agroforestal, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Lima 15842, Peru"},{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Nutrici\u00f3n, Salud, Alimentos Funcionales y Nutrac\u00e9uticos, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7109-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Pastor-Soplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Cacao, Ingenier\u00eda Agroforestal, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Lima 15842, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5408-0593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Castell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3 de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca en Nutrici\u00f3 i Seguretat Aliment\u00e0ria (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y la Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5220-2793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mal\u00e9n","family":"Massot-Cladera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3 de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioqu\u00edmica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farm\u00e0cia i Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Alimentaci\u00f3, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut de Recerca en Nutrici\u00f3 i Seguretat Aliment\u00e0ria (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.6.1060S","article-title":"Patterns of chocolate consumption","volume":"60","author":"Seligson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2009.08.008","article-title":"Theobroma cacao L., the Food of the Gods: A scientific approach beyond myths and claims","volume":"61","author":"Rusconi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.8.2057S","article-title":"Food of the Gods: Cure for Humanity? A Cultural History of the Medicinal and Ritual Use of Chocolate","volume":"130","author":"Dillinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas, E., van Zonneveld, M., Loo, J., Hodgkin, T., Galluzzi, G., and van Etten, J. (2012). Present spatial diversity patterns of Theobroma cacao L. in the neotropics reflect genetic differentiation in Pleistocene refugia followed by human-influenced dispersal. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047676"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-018-0697-x","article-title":"The use and domestication of Theobroma cacao during the mid-Holocene in the upper Amazon","volume":"2","author":"Zarrillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Motamayor, J.C., Lachenaud, P., da Silva e Mota, J.W., Loor, R., Kuhn, D.N., Brown, J.S., and Schnell, R.J. (2008). Geographic and genetic population differentiation of the Amazonian chocolate tree (Theobroma cacao L). PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003311"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.12.054","article-title":"Dietary fibre composition, antioxidant capacity and physico-chemical properties of a fibre-rich product from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)","volume":"104","author":"Lecumberri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"149","article-title":"Methylxanthine composition and consumption patterns of cocoa and chocolate products","volume":"158","author":"Shively","year":"1984","journal-title":"Prog. Clin. Biol Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13087","article-title":"Cutaneous Photoprotective Activity of a Short-term Ingestion of High-Flavanol Cocoa: A Nutritional Intervention Study","volume":"95","author":"Arisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508169896","article-title":"Cocoa: Antioxidant and immunomodulator","volume":"101","author":"Castell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9riz, M., P\u00e9rez-Cano, F.J., Cambras, T., Franch, \u00c0., Best, I., Pastor-Soplin, S., Castell, M., and Massot-Cladera, M. (2020). Attenuating effect of Peruvian cocoa populations on the acute asthmatic response in Brown Norway rats. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082301"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"906252","article-title":"Cocoa polyphenols and their potential benefits for human health","volume":"2012","author":"Recio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5665","article-title":"The Impact of Cocoa Flavanols on Cardiovascular Health","volume":"30","author":"Vlachojannis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phyther. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2017.00036","article-title":"Cocoa, Blood Pressure, and Vascular Function","volume":"4","author":"Ludovici","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-020-00807-1","article-title":"Cocoa Flavanols Protect Human Endothelial Cells from Oxidative Stress","volume":"75","author":"Martins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant. Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S163","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200606001-00010","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory properties of cocoa flavanols","volume":"47","author":"Selmi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2017.00019","article-title":"Enhancing Human Cognition with Cocoa Flavonoids","volume":"4","author":"Socci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2017.00028","article-title":"Cocoa Diet and Antibody Immune Response in Preclinical Studies","volume":"4","author":"Franch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Watson, R.R., and Preedy, V.R. (2019). Influence of a Cocoa-Enriched Diet on the Intestinal Immune System and Microbiota. Dietary Interventions in Gastrointestinal Diseases: Foods, Nutrients, and Dietary Supplements, Academic Press (Elsevier Inc.)."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8506","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0511042","article-title":"Flavonoids from Theobroma cacao down-regulate inflammatory mediators","volume":"53","author":"Ramiro","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"213","article-title":"Effect of a diet rich in cocoa flavonoids on experimental acute inflammation","volume":"Volume 6","author":"Keller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Flavonoids: Biosynthesis, Biological effects and Dietary Sources"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511003035","article-title":"Effect of cocoa-enriched diets on lymphocytes involved in adjuvant arthritis in rats","volume":"107","author":"Castellote","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700396","article-title":"Influence of a cocoa-enriched diet on specific immune response in ovalbumin-sensitized rats","volume":"53","author":"Castellote","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03430.x","article-title":"Spleen lymphocyte function modulated by a cocoa-enriched diet","volume":"149","author":"Castellote","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2007.07.002","article-title":"Intestinal immune system of young rats influenced by cocoa-enriched diet","volume":"19","author":"Castellote","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camps-Bossacoma, M., Abril-Gil, M., Salda\u00f1a-Ruiz, S., Franch, \u00c0., P\u00e9rez-Cano, F.J., and Castell, M. (2016). Cocoa diet prevents antibody synthesis and modifies lymph node composition and functionality in a rat oral sensitization model. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8040242"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501064","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T Cells Shape Preimmune Peripheral B Cell Populations","volume":"196","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.2.850","article-title":"Regulatory NK cells suppress antigen-specific T cell responses","volume":"180","author":"Deniz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/rr40","article-title":"Th2 cytokines and asthma. Interleukin-4: Its role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and targeting it for asthma treatment with interleukin-4 receptor antagonists","volume":"2","author":"Steinke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.09.022","article-title":"Effect of a cocoa-enriched diet on immune response and anaphylaxis in a food allergy model in Brown Norway rats","volume":"27","author":"Franch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.07.141","article-title":"Theobroma cacao extract attenuates the development of Dermatophagoides farinae-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in NC\/Nga mice","volume":"216","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Lagunas, M.J., Vicente, F., Pereira, P., Castell, M., and P\u00e9rez-Cano, F.J. (2019). Relationship between cocoa intake and healthy status: A pilot study in university students. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24040812"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33311-1","article-title":"Asthma","volume":"391","author":"Papi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2019.101333","article-title":"Immunological mechanisms in asthma","volume":"46","author":"Boonpiyathad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.02.094","article-title":"Mechanisms of allergy and asthma","volume":"585","author":"Nauta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02220","article-title":"Involvement and Possible Role of Eosinophils in Asthma Exacerbation","volume":"9","author":"Nakagome","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9riz, M., P\u00e9rez-Cano, F.J., Rodr\u00edguez-Lagunas, M.J., Cambras, T., Pastor-Soplin, S., Best, I., Castell, M., and Massot-Cladera, M. (2020). Development and characterization of an allergic asthma rat model for interventional studies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113841"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01491","article-title":"Changes in Lymphocyte Composition and Functionality After Intensive Training and Exhausting Exercise in Rats","volume":"10","author":"Franch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451600074X","article-title":"Cocoa and cocoa fibre differentially modulate IgA and IgM production at mucosal sites","volume":"115","author":"Franch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abril-Gil, M., Garcia-Just, A., P\u00e9rez-Cano, F.J., Franch, \u00c0., and Castell, M. (2015). Development and characterization of an effective food allergy model in Brown Norway rats. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125314"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.02.001","article-title":"A diet enriched with cocoa prevents IgE synthesis in a rat allergy model","volume":"65","author":"Castellote","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02864","article-title":"An experimental model of asthma in rats using ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide allergens","volume":"5","author":"Thakur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.5115\/acb.2017.50.2.124","article-title":"Baicalein, wogonin, and Scutellaria baicalensis ethanol extract alleviate ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation and mast cell-mediated anaphylactic shock by regulation of Th1\/Th2 imbalance and histamine release","volume":"50","author":"Bui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2017.1310905","article-title":"Urtica dioica attenuates ovalbumin-induced inflammation and lipid peroxidation of lung tissues in rat asthma model","volume":"55","author":"Zemmouri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.025","article-title":"Hydroethanolic extract from Echinodorus scaber Rataj leaves inhibits inflammation in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma","volume":"203","author":"Rosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6428","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of dihydromyricetin in a mouse model of asthma","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2020.101936","article-title":"Glabridin attenuates airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a mice model of ovalbumin-induced asthma","volume":"63","author":"Dogan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3HI0220-342RR","article-title":"Frontline Science: Two flavonoid compounds attenuate allergic asthma by regulating epithelial barrier via G protein-coupled estrogen receptor: Probing a possible target for allergic inflammation","volume":"108","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2020.102292","article-title":"Chrysin-loaded PLGA attenuates OVA-induced allergic asthma by modulating TLR\/NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 axis","volume":"30","author":"Roy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542091","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/542091","article-title":"Potential of immunoglobulin A to prevent allergic asthma","volume":"2013","author":"Gloudemans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00911.x","article-title":"Airway inflammation in a murine model of chronic asthma: Evidence for a local humoral immune response","volume":"30","author":"Kumar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/15476910802630387","article-title":"Differential allergy responses to Metarhizium anisopliae fungal component extracts in BALB\/c mice Allergy-like responses to fungal components","volume":"6","author":"Ward","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"S56","article-title":"Cocoa-enriched diets modulate intestinal and systemic humoral immune response in young adult rats","volume":"55","author":"Franch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2011.04.008","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in down-regulation of intestinal IgA in rats by high cocoa intake","volume":"23","author":"Franch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517000496","article-title":"Association between urinary metabolic profile and the intestinal effects of cocoa in rats","volume":"117","author":"Costabile","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5083272","article-title":"Cocoa flavonoid-enriched diet modulates systemic and intestinal immunoglobulin synthesis in adult Lewis rats","volume":"5","author":"Franch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514003080","article-title":"Impact of cocoa polyphenol extracts on the immune system and microbiota in two strains of young rats","volume":"112","author":"Torres","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxx056","article-title":"Theobromine is responsible for the effects of cocoa on the antibody immune status of rats","volume":"148","author":"Franch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/3\/410\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:03:12Z","timestamp":1760133792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/14\/3\/410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["nu14030410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14030410","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]}}}